- abacus: frame with balls for calculating
- abase: v. To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade.
- abase: v. ~ oneself/sb lower oneself/sb in dignity; degrade oneself/sb ;
- abash: to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of:disconcert
- abate: to lessen to subside
- abate: v. make or become less
- abbess: n. The lady superior of a nunnery.
- abbey: n. The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns.
- abbot: n. The superior of a community of monks.
- abbreviate: v. ~ sth shorten (a word, phrase, etc), esp by omitting letters
- abdicate: v. To give up (royal power or the like).
- abdicate: v. resign from or formally renounce the throne
- abdication: giving up control authority
- abdomen: n. In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor; the belly.
- abdominal: n. Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen.
- abduction: n. A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally.
- abed: adv. In bed; on a bed.
- aberrant: adj. not following the normal or correct way
- aberration: n. Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course.
- aberration: straying away from what is normal
- aberration: n. deviation from what is accepted as normal or right
- abet: v. To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense).
- abet: help/encourage smb (in doing wrong)
- abet: v. ~ sb (in sth) help or encourage sb to commit an offence or do sth wrong
- abeyance: n. A state of suspension or temporary inaction.
- abeyance: suspended action
- abeyance: n. be in abeyance; fall/go into abeyance (of a right, rule, problem, etc) be suspended temporarily; not be in force or use for a time
- abhor: to hate to detest
- abhor: v. feel hatred and disgust for (sb/sth); detest
- abhorrence: n. The act of detesting extremely.
- abhorrent: adj. Very repugnant; hateful.
- abidance: n. An abiding.
- abide: be faithful to endure
- abide: v. (esp with can/could, in negative sentences or questions can/could) tolerate (sb/sth); endure; bear
- abject: adj. Sunk to a low condition.
- abject: adj. wretched; hopeless
- abjure: v. To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath.
- abjure: promise or swear to give up
- abjure: v. promise or swear to give up (a claim, an opinion, a belief, etc); renounce formally
- able-bodied: adj. Competent for physical service.
- ablution: n. A washing or cleansing, especially of the body.
- ablution: n. (fml or joc ) ceremonial washing of the body, hands, sacred vessels, etc
- abnegate: v. To renounce (a right or privilege).
- abnegation: n. denial or renunciation (of a doctrine)
- abnormal: adj. Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard.
- abode: n. house; home
- abolish: v. end the existence of
- abominable: adj. ~(fml ) causing disgust; detestable
- abominable: adj. Very hateful.
- abominate: v. feel hatred or disgust for (sth/sb); detest; loathe
- abominate: v. To hate violently.
- abomination: n. A very detestable act or practice.
- aboriginal: adj. inhabiting a land from a very early period, esp before the arrival of colonists
- aboriginal: adj. Primitive; unsophisticated.
- aborigines: n. The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country.
- abortive: adj. coming to nothing; unsuccessful
- aboveboard: adv. & adj. Without concealment, fraud, or trickery.
- abrade: v. To wear away the surface or some part of by friction.
- abraded: rubbed off worn away by friction
- abrasion: n. That which is rubbed off.
- abrasive: adj. that scrapes or rubs sth away; rough
- abridge: v. make shorter, esp by using fewer words; condense
- abridge: v. To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles.
- abridgment: n. A condensed form as of a book or play.
- abrogate: v. cancel, repeal or annul (sth)
- abrogate: v. To abolish, repeal.
- abrogate: repeal or annul by authority
- abrupt: adj. Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break.
- abscess: n. A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body.
- abscission: The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation.
- abscission: n. The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation.
- abscond: v. ~go away suddenly and secretly, esp in order to avoid arrest
- abscond: v. To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest.
- abscond: to go away suddenly (to avoid arrest)
- absence: n. The fact of not being present or available.
- absent-minded: adj. Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business.
- absolute: adj. complete; total
- absolution: n. Forgiveness, or passing over of offenses.
- absolve: v. ~ sb (fml esp law , ) clear sb (of guilt); declare sb free (from blame, a promise, a duty, etc)
- absolve: v. To free from sin or its penalties.
- absorb: v. To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water.
- absorption: n. The act or process of absorbing.
- abstain: v. ~ keep oneself from doing or enjoying sth, esp from taking alcoholic drinks; refrain ;
- abstain: v. To keep oneself back (from doing or using something).
- abstemious: adj. not taking much food or drink; not self-indulgent; moderate
- abstemious: adj. Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food.
- abstinence: n. ~ abstaining, esp from food or alcoholic drinks
- abstinence: n. Self denial.
- abstract: adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence
- abstruse: adj. difficult to understand
- abstruse: adj. Dealing with matters difficult to be understood.
- abstruse: difficult to comprehend obscure
- absurd: adj. Inconsistent with reason or common sense.
- abundant: adj. Plentiful.
- abusive: adj. criticizing harshly and rudely; insulting
- abusive: adj. Employing harsh words or ill treatment.
- abut: v. ~ on/against sth (of land or a building) have a common boundary or side with sth; adjoin sth
- abut: v. To touch at the end or boundary line.
- abut: border on
- abysmal: adj. extremely bad
- abysmal: bottomless extreme
- abyss: n. hole so deep that it seems to have no bottom
- abyss: n. Bottomless gulf.
- academic: adj. of schools, colleges, etc
- academic: adj. Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university.
- academician: n. A member of an academy of literature, art, or science.
- academy: n. Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught.
- acarpous: effete no longer fertile worn out
- accede: v. ~ (fml ) take office
- accede: v. To agree.
- accelerate: v. make move faster or happen earlier; increase the speed of
- accelerate: v. To move faster.
- accept: v. To take when offered.
- access: n. A way of approach or entrance; passage.
- accessible: adj. ~ that can be reached, used, etc
- accessible: adj. Approachable.
- accession: n. Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government.
- accessory: n. thing that is a useful or decorative extra but that is not essential; minor fitting or attachment
- accessory: n. A person or thing that aids the principal agent.
- acclaim: v. welcome (sb/sth) with shouts of approval; applaud loudly
- acclaim: v. To utter with a shout.
- acclaimed: welcomed with shouts and approval
- acclimate: to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation
- acclivity: n. upward slope
- accolade: n. praise; approval
- accolade: praise approval
- accommodate: v. provide lodging or room for
- accommodate: v. To furnish something as a kindness or favor.
- accompaniment: n. A subordinate part or parts, enriching or supporting the leading part.
- accompanist: n. One who or that which accompanies.
- accompany: v. To go with, or be associated with, as a companion.
- accomplice: n. person who helps another to do sth wicked or illegal
- accomplice: n. An associate in wrong-doing.
- accomplish: v. To bring to pass.
- accord: n. peace treaty; agreement
- accordion: n. A portable free-reed musical instrument.
- accost: v. approach and speak to (sb) boldly
- accost: v. To speak to.
- account: n. A record or statement of receipts and expenditures, or of business transactions.
- accouter: v. To dress.
- accoutre: equip
- accredit: v. To give credit or authority to.
- accretion: n. growth or increase by means of gradual additions
- accretion: the growing of separate things into one
- accrue: v. ~ (from sth) come as a natural increase or advantage, esp financial; accumulate
- accrue: accumulate
- accumulate: v. To become greater in quantity or number.
- accuracy: n. Exactness.
- accurate: adj. Conforming exactly to truth or to a standard.
- accursed: adj. Doomed to evil, misery, or misfortune.
- accusation: n. A charge of crime, misdemeanor, or error.
- accusatory: adj. Of, pertaining to, or involving an accusation.
- accuse: v. To charge with wrong doing, misconduct, or error.
- accustom: v. To make familiar by use.
- acerbity: Sourness of taste, character, or tone.
- acerbity: n. Sourness, with bitterness and astringency.
- acetate: n. A salt of acetic acid.
- acetic: adj. of, containing, producing, or derived from acetic acid or vinegar
- acetic: adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of vinegar.
- ache: v. To be in pain or distress.
- Achillean: adj. Invulnerable.
- achromatic: adj. Colorless,
- acid: n. A sour substance.
- acidify: v. To change into acid.
- acidulous: adj. rather sharp or bitter in taste or manner
- acknowledge: v. accept the truth of admit (sth)
- acknowledge: v. To recognize; to admit the genuineness or validity of.
- acknowledgment: n. Recognition.
- acme: n. highest stage of development; point of perfection
- acme: n. The highest point, or summit.
- acne: n. inflammation of the oil-glands of the skin, producing red pimples on the face and neck
- acoustic: adj. Pertaining to the act or sense of hearing.
- acoustics: n. qualities of a room, hall, etc that make it good or bad for carrying sound
- acquaint: v. To make familiar or conversant.
- acquiesce: v. ~ (fml ) accept sth without protest; offer no opposition (to a plan, conclusion, etc)
- acquiesce: v. To comply; submit.
- acquiescence: n. Passive consent.
- acquire: v. To get as one's own.
- acquisition: n. Anything gained, or made one's own, usually by effort or labor.
- acquit: v. To free or clear, as from accusation.
- acquittal: n. judgement that a person is not guilty of the crime with which he has been charged
- acquittal: n. A discharge from accusation by judicial action.
- acquittance: n. Release or discharge from indebtedness, obligation, or responsibility.
- acreage: n. Quantity or extent of land, especially of cultivated land.
- acrid: adj. having a strongly bitter smell or taste
- acrid: adj. Harshly pungent or bitter.
- acrimonious: adj. bitter
- acrimonious: adj. Full of bitterness.
- acrimony: n. Sharpness or bitterness of speech or temper.
- acrophobia: "acro'phobic adjectiv
- actionable: adj. Affording cause for instituting an action, as trespass, slanderous words.
- actuality: n. Any reality.
- actuarial: calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics
- actuary: n. expert who calculates insurance risks and premiums
- actuary: n. An officer, as of an insurance company, who calculates and states the risks and premiums.
- actuate: v. make (a machine, an electrical device, etc) move or work; make (a process) begin , ;
- actuate: v. To move or incite to action.
- acuity: n. (esp of thought or the senses) sharpness; acuteness
- acumen: n. ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly; shrewdness
- acumen: n. Quickness of intellectual insight, or discernment; keenness of discrimination.
- acute: adj. very great; severe
- acute: adj. Having fine and penetrating discernment.
- adage: n. traditional saying; proverb ;
- adamant: adj. firmly or stubbornly determined; unwilling to be persuaded
- adamant: n. Any substance of exceeding hardness or impenetrability.
- adamant: kind of stone inflexible
- adapt: v. ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth
- addendum: n. thing that is to be added
- addendum: n. Something added, or to be added.
- addiction: n. ~ condition of taking drugs, etc habitually and being unable to stop doing so without suffering adverse effects
- addle: v. confuse (sth/sb); muddle
- addle: v. To make inefficient or worthless; muddle.
- address: n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters, etc may be delivered
- adduce: v. To bring forward or name for consideration.
- adept: adj. ~ ~ (at/in doing sth) expert or skilful in (doing) sth
- adhere: v. ~ (to sth) remain attached (to sth); stick (as if) by means of glue or suction
- adhere: v. To stick fast or together.
- adherence: n. Attachment.
- adherent: n. supporter of a party or doctrine
- adherent: adj. Clinging or sticking fast.
- adhesion: n. The state of being attached or joined.
- adieu: inter. Good-by; farewell.
- adjacency: n. The state of being adjacent.
- adjacent: having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or following
- adjacent: n. That which is near or bordering upon.
- adjoin: v. be next or nearest to and joined with
- adjourn: v. stop (a meeting, etc) for a time; postpone
- adjudge: v. To award or bestow by formal decision.
- adjunct: n. ~ thing that is added or attached to sth else but is less important and not essential
- adjunct: n. Something joined to or connected with another thing, but holding a subordinate place.
- adjuration: solemn urging
- adjuration: n. A vehement appeal.
- adjutant: n. army officer responsible for administrative work in a battalion
- adjutant: adj. Auxiliary.
- administrator: n. One who manages affairs of any kind.
- admissible: adj. Having the right or privilege of entry.
- admittance: n. Entrance, or the right or permission to enter.
- admonish: to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner
- admonish: v. To warn of a fault.
- admonition: n. Gentle reproof.
- admonitory: containing warning
- ado: n. unnecessary activity or ceremony.
- adoration: n. Profound devotion.
- adore: v. love deeply and respect (sb) highly
- adorn: v. ~ sth/sb/oneself add beauty or ornament to sth/sb/oneself
- adorn: add beauty decorate
- adroit: adj. ~ skilful; clever
- adroit: adj. Having skill in the use of the bodily or mental powers.
- adulation: n. excessive admiration or praise; flattery
- adulterant: n. An adulterating substance.
- adulterate: v. make poorer in quality by adding another substance
- adulterate: v. To make impure by the admixture of other or baser ingredients.
- adulteration: making unpure poorer in quality
- adumbrate: v. To represent beforehand in outline or by emblem.
- Advent: n. the ~ of sth/sb the approach or arrival of
- advent: n. The coming or arrival, as of any important change, event, state, or personage.
- adventitious: adj. not planned; accidental
- adversary: n. opponent in a contest; enemy
- adverse: adj. not favourable; contrary
- adverse: adj. Opposing or opposed.
- adversity: n. unfavourable conditions; trouble
- adversity: n. Misfortune.
- advert: n. = advertisement
- advert: v. To refer incidentally.
- advertiser: n. One who advertises, especially in newspapers.
- advisory: adj. Not mandatory.
- advocacy: n. ~ giving of support (to a cause, etc)
- advocacy: n. The act of pleading a cause.
- advocate: v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support
- advocate: n. One who pleads the cause of another, as in a legal or ecclesiastical court.
- aegis: n. under the aegis of sb/sth with the protection or support of sb/sth, esp a public institution
- aerial: adj. Of, pertaining to, or like the air.
- aerie: = eyrie
- aeronaut: n. One who navigates the air, a balloonist.
- aeronautics: n. the art or practice of flying aircraft
- aerostat: n. A balloon or other apparatus floating in or sustained by the air.
- aerostatics: n. The branch of pneumatics that treats of the equilibrium, pressure, and mechanical properties.
- aesthetic: adj. concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty
- affable: adj. polite and friendly
- affable: polite and friendly
- affable: adj. Easy to approach.
- affect: v. To act upon
- affectation: n. A studied or ostentatious pretense or attempt.
- affected: adj. not natural or genuine; pretended; artificial
- affidavit: n. written statement that can be used as evidence in court, made by sb who swears that it is true
- affiliate: n. Some auxiliary person or thing.
- affiliation: n. affiliating or being affiliated
- affinity: n. ~ ~ (between A and B) structural resemblance or similarity of character; relationship
- affinity: close connection relationship
- affirmation: n. affirming
- affirmative: adj. Answering yes; to a question at issue.
- affix: v. ~ sth (fml ) stick, fasten or attach sth
- affix: v. To fasten.
- affliction: n. pain; suffering; distress
- affluence: n. abundance of money, goods or property; wealth
- affluence: n. A profuse or abundant supply of riches.
- affront: n. ~ (to sb/sth) deliberately insulting or disrespectful remark, action, etc, esp in public
- affront: n. An open insult or indignity.
- afire: adv. & adj. On fire, literally or figuratively.
- afoot: adv. In progress.
- aforesaid: adj. Said in a preceding part or before.
- afresh: adv. Once more, after rest or interval.
- afterlife: n. existence that is thought by some to follow death
- afterthought: n. A thought that comes later than its appropriate or expected time.
- agape: adj. ~ (of the mouth) wide open, esp with wonder
- agenda: n. matters of business to be discussed at a meeting, etc
- agglomerate: v. To pile or heap together.
- agglomeration: n. action of agglomerating
- aggrandize: to make appear great or greater:praise highly
- aggrandize: v. To cause to appear greatly.
- aggravate: make worse irritate
- aggravate: v. To make heavier, worse, or more burdensome.
- aggravation: n. The fact of being made heavier or more heinous, as a crime , offense, misfortune, etc.
- aggregate: v. ~ sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount
- aggregate: n. The entire number, sum, mass, or quantity of something.
- aggress: v. To make the first attack.
- aggression: n. An unprovoked attack.
- aggrieve: v. To give grief or sorrow to.
- aghast: adj. ~ filled with horror or amazement
- aghast: adj. Struck with terror and amazement.
- agile: active quick-moving
- agile: adj. Able to move or act quickly, physically, or mentally.
- agility: nimbleness
- agitate: v. cause anxiety to (a person, his feelings, etc); disturb; excite
- agitate: v. To move or excite (the feelings or thoughts).
- agnostic: n. person who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of God or of anything except material things
- agog: adj. eager; excited
- agog: eager/excited
- agrarian: adj. of land
- agrarian: adj. Pertaining to land, especially agricultural land.
- aide-de-camp: n. An officer who receives and transmits the orders of the general.
- ail: trouble be ill
- ailment: n. Slight sickness.
- airy: adj. having plenty of fresh air moving about; well-ventilated
- airy: adj. Delicate, ethereal.
- akin: adj. Of similar nature or qualities.
- alabaster: n. A white or delicately tinted fine-grained gypsum.
- alacrity: n. prompt and eager readiness
- alacrity: eager and cheerful readiness
- alacrity: n. Cheerful willingness.
- albeit: conj. Even though.
- albino: n. A person with milky white skin and hair, and eyes with bright red pupil and usually pink iris.
- album: n. A book whose leaves are so made to form paper frames for holding photographs or the like.
- alchemy: n. medieval form of chemistry, the chief aim of which was to discover how to turn ordinary metals into gold ,
- alchemy: n. Chemistry of the middle ages, characterized by the pursuit of changing base metals to gold.
- alcohol: n. A volatile, inflammable, colorless liquid of a penetrating odor and burning taste.
- alcoholism: n. A condition resulting from the inordinate or persistent use of alcoholic beverages.
- alcove: n. small space in a room, etc formed by part of the wall being set back; recess
- alcove: recess/partially enclosed place
- alcove: n. A covered recess connected with or at the side of a larger room.
- alder: n. Any shrub or small tree of the genus Alumnus, of the oak family.
- alderman: n. A member of a municipal legislative body, who usually exercises also certain judicial functions.
- aldermanship: n. The dignity, condition, office, or term of office of an alderman.
- ale: fermented alcoholic beverage similar to but heavier than beer
- aleck: one who considers himself smarter than others
- alias: n. name by which a person is called at other times or in other places; false name
- alias: n. An assumed name.
- alien: n. One who owes allegiance to a foreign government.
- alienable: adj. Capable of being aliened or alienated, as lands.
- alienate: v. ~ sb cause sb to become unfriendly or indifferent; estrange sb
- alienate: v. To cause to turn away.
- alienation: n. Estrangement.
- aliment: n. That which nourishes.
- alimentary: adj. of food and digestion
- alimony: n. allowance that a court may order a man to pay to his wife or former wife before or after a legal separation or divorce
- alkali: n. Anything that will neutralize an acid, as lime, magnesia, etc.
- allay: v. make (sth) less; relieve
- allay: v. To calm the violence or reduce the intensity of; mitigate.
- allege: v. state (sth) as a fact but without proof; give as an argument or excuse
- allege: v. To assert to be true, especially in a formal manner, as in court.
- allegiance: n. ~ (to sb/sth) support of or loyalty to a government, ruler, cause, etc
- allegiance: duty support loyalty
- allegory: n. story, painting or description in which the characters and events are meant as symbols of purity, truth, patience, etc ,
- allegory: n. The setting forth of a subject under the guise of another subject of aptly suggestive likeness.
- alleviate: v. make less severe; ease
- alleviate: make (pain) easier to bear
- alleviate: v. To make less burdensome or less hard to bear.
- alley: n. A narrow street, garden path, walk, or the like.
- alliance: n. Any combination or union for some common purpose.
- alliteration: n. occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words in succession, as in sing a song of sixpence or as thick as thieves , sing a song of sixpence as thick as thieves
- allocate: v. ~ sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purpose
- allot: v. To assign a definite thing or part to a certain person.
- allotment: n. Portion.
- alloy: n. metal formed of a mixture of metals or of metal and another substance
- alloy: to debase by mixing with something inferior
- allude: v. ~ to sb/sth (fml ) mention sb/sth briefly or indirectly
- allude: v. To refer incidentally, or by suggestion.
- allure: v. tempt or attract (sb) by the expectation of gaining sth
- allusion: n. ~ indirect reference
- allusion: n. An indirect and incidental reference to something without definite mention of it.
- alluvial: adj. made of sand, earth, etc left by rivers or floods, esp in a delta
- alluvion: n. Flood.
- ally: n. A person or thing connected with another, usually in some relation of helpfulness.
- almanac: n. A series of tables giving the days of the week together with certain astronomical information.
- alms: n. money, clothes, food, etc given to poor people
- aloft: adv. up in the air; overhead
- aloof: adj. ~ cool and remote in character; unconcerned
- aloof: reserved indifferent
- aloof: adv. Not in sympathy with or desiring to associate with others.
- altar: n. Any raised place or structure on which sacrifices may be offered or incense burned.
- alter: v. To make change in.
- alteration: n. Change or modification.
- altercate: v. To contend angrily or zealously in words.
- altercation: n. (act of) quarrelling or arguing noisily
- alternate: n. One chosen to act in place of another, in case of the absence or incapacity of that other.
- alternative: n. Something that may or must exist, be taken or chosen, or done instead of something else.
- altitude: n. Vertical distance or elevation above any point or base-level, as the sea.
- alto: n. The lowest or deepest female voice or part.
- altruism: n. Benevolence to others on subordination to self-interest.
- altruist: n. One who advocates or practices altruism.
- altruistic: (adj.) unselfish
- amalgam: n. alloy of mercury with another metal
- amalgam: n. An alloy or union of mercury with another metal.
- amalgamate: v. ~ (with sb/sth) (cause people or things to) combine or unite
- amalgamate: mix combine unite societies
- amalgamate: v. To mix or blend together in a homogeneous body.
- amass: v. gather together or collect (sth), esp in large quantities
- amateur: adj. Practicing an art or occupation for the love of it, but not as a profession.
- amatory: adj. Designed to excite love.
- amazon: n. tall strong athletic woman
- ambidextrous: adj. able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well
- ambidextrous: able to use the left hand or the right equally well
- ambidextrous: adj. Having the ability of using both hands with equal skill or ease.
- ambience: n. environment; atmosphere of a place
- ambiguous: adj. having more than one possible meaning
- ambiguous: doubtful uncertain
- ambiguous: adj. Having a double meaning.
- ambitious: adj. Eagerly desirous and aspiring.
- ambivalence: the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes
- ambivalent: having both of two contrary meanings
- amble: v. ride or walk at a slow, leisurely pace
- ambrosia: n. food of the gods
- ambrosial: extremely pleasing to taste
- ambrosial: adj. Divinely sweet, fragrant, or delicious.
- ambulance: n. A vehicle fitted for conveying the sick and wounded.
- ambulate: v. To walk about
- ambulatory: walking
- ambush: n. waiting in a hidden position to make a surprise attack
- ambush: n. The act or state of lying concealed for the purpose of surprising or attacking the enemy.
- ameliorate: v. (cause sth to) become better
- ameliorate: improve make better
- ameliorate: v. To relieve, as from pain or hardship
- amenable: adj. ~ (of people) willing to be influenced or controlled (by sth)
- amenable: adj. Willing and ready to submit.
- amend: v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly
- amenities: [ amenity: ] [often pl] a useful or pleasant facility or service
- Americanism: n. A peculiar sense in which an English word or phrase is used in the United States.
- amiable: adj. showing and inspiring friendliness; pleasant and good-tempered
- amicable: adj. showing friendliness; without hostility
- amicable: adj. Done in a friendly spirit.
- amiss: adj. , adv wrong(ly); inappropriate(ly)
- amity: n. friendly relationship between people or countries
- amity: n. Friendship.
- amnesia: n. partial or total loss of memory
- amnesty: n. general pardon, esp for offences against the State
- amok: adv. run amok rush about in a wild and angry frenzy
- amoral: adj. not based on moral standards; not following any moral rules ;
- amorous: adj. readily showing or feeling love; relating to love
- amorous: adj. Having a propensity for falling in love.
- amorphous: adj. having no definite shape or form; not organized
- amorphous: adj. Without determinate shape.
- amortize: end (a debt) by setting aside money
- amour: n. A love-affair, especially one of an illicit nature.
- ampere: n. The practical unit of electric-current strength.
- ampersand: n. The character &; and.
- amphibian: n. animal able to live both on land and in water
- amphibious: adj. Living both on land and in water.
- amphitheater: n. An edifice of elliptical shape, constructed about a central open space or arena.
- amphitheater: oval building with tiers of seats
- ample: adj. enough
- amplify: v. increase (sth) in size or strength
- amplitude: n. Largeness.
- amply: adv. Sufficiently.
- amputate: v. To remove by cutting, as a limb or some portion of the body.
- amputate: v. cut off by surgical operation
- amulet: n. piece of jewellery, etc worn as a charm1(
- amusement: n. Diversion.
- anachronism: n. Anything occurring or existing out of its proper time.
- anachronism: n. mistake of placing sth in the wrong historical period
- anagram: n. The letters of a word or phrase so transposed as to make a different word or phrase.
- analgesia: n. loss of ability to feel pain while still conscious
- analgesic: adj. n substance that relieves pain
- analogous: adj. Corresponding (to some other) in certain respects, as in form, proportion, relations.
- analogous: adj. ~ partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy
- analogy: n. Reasoning in which from certain and known relations or resemblance others are formed.
- analogy: n. ~ partial similarity between two things that are compared
- analyst: n. One who analyzes or makes use of the analytical method.
- analyze: v. To examine minutely or critically.
- anarchist: n. person who believes in anarchism
- anarchy: n. Absence or utter disregard of government.
- anarchy: n. absence of government or control in society; lawlessness
- anathema: n. Anything forbidden, as by social usage.
- anathema: n. detested person or thing
- anathematize: declare to be evil or anathema
- anatomy: n. That branch of morphology which treats of the structure of organisms.
- ancestry: n. One's ancestors collectively.
- ancestry: n. line of ancestors
- anchor: n. heavy metal device attached to a rope, chain, etc and used to moor a ship or boat to the sea-bottom or a balloon to the ground
- ancillary: adj. ~ helping in a subsidiary way
- anecdote: n. A brief account of some interesting event or incident.
- anecdote: n. short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event ,
- anemia: n. Deficiency of blood or red corpuscles.
- anemia: condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles
- anemic: adj. Affected with anemia.
- anemometer: n. An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of wind.
- anesthetic: adj. Pertaining to or producing loss of sensation.
- anesthetic: = anaesthesia, anaesthetic
- anew: adv. Once more.
- angelic: adj. Saintly.
- Anglo-Saxon: n. The entire English race wherever found, as in Europe, the United States, or India.
- Anglophobia: n. Hatred or dread of England or of what is English.
- anguish: severe suffering
- anguish: n. severe physical or mental pain
- angular: adj. Sharp-cornered.
- angular: adj. having angles or sharp corners
- anhydrous: adj. Withered.
- animadversion: n. The utterance of criticism or censure.
- animadversion: n. criticism
- animadvert: v. To pass criticism or censure.
- animalcule: n. An animal of microscopic smallness.
- animate: v. To make alive.
- animated: adj. lively
- animosity: n. Hatred.
- animosity: strong dislike
- animosity: n. ~ ~ (between A and B) (instance of) strong dislike or of hostility
- animus: n. animosity shown in speech or action
- annalist: n. Historian.
- annals: n. A record of events in their chronological order, year by year.
- annals: n. story of events year by year; historical records
- anneal: v. make tough by cooling slowly after heating
- annex: v. To add or affix at the end.
- annex: v. take possession of
- annihilate: v. To destroy absolutely.
- annihilate: v. destroy completely
- annotate: v. To make explanatory or critical notes on or upon.
- annotate: v. add notes to giving explanation or comment
- annual: adj. Occurring every year.
- annuity: n. An annual allowance, payment, or income.
- annuity: n. fixed sum of money paid to sb yearly, usu for the remaining part of his lifetime
- annul: v. declare (sth) no longer valid; abolish; cancel
- annunciation: n. Proclamation.
- anode: n. The point where or path by which a voltaic current enters an electrolyte or the like.
- anodyne: n, adj that can relieve pain
- anoint: v. ~ sb apply oil or ointment to sb (esp as a religious ceremony)
- anomalous: adj. different from what is normal; irregular
- anomaly: n. anomalous thing; irregularity
- anonymity: n. state of being anonymous
- anonymous: adj. Of unknown authorship.
- antagonism: n. Mutual opposition or resistance of counteracting forces, principles, or persons.
- antagonism: n~ ~ (between A and B) (instance of) active opposition or hostility, esp between two people
- antagonistic: adj. ~ showing or feeling antagonism; hostile
- Antarctic: adj. Pertaining to the south pole or the regions near it.
- ante: v. In the game of poker, to put up a stake before the cards are dealt.
- antecede: v. To precede.
- antecede: be earlier in time; go back further
- antecedent: n. One who or that which precedes or goes before, as in time, place, rank, order, or causality.
- antecedents: ancestr
- antechamber: n. A waiting room for those who seek audience.
- antedate: v. To assign or affix a date to earlier than the actual one.
- antediluvian: adj. Of or pertaining to the times, things, events before the great flood in the days of Noah.
- antediluvian: adj. of the time before Noah's Flood
- antemeridian: adj. Before noon.
- antemundane: adj. Pertaining to time before the world's creation.
- antenatal: adj. Occurring or existing before birth.
- anterior: adj. Prior.
- anteroom: n. A room situated before and opening into another, usually larger.
- anthem: n. short musical composition, usu for a choir and an organ, to be sung in religious services, often with words taken from the Bible ,
- anthology: n. A collection of extracts from the writings of various authors.
- anthology: n. collection of poems or pieces of prose on the same subject or by the same writer
- anthracite: n. Hard coal.
- anthropoid: adj. man-like in form
- anthropologist: n. student of or expert in anthropology
- anthropology: n. The science of man in general.
- anthropomorphic: adj. treating gods, animals, etc as human in form and personality ,
- anthropomorphous: adj. Having or resembling human form.
- antic: n. A grotesque, ludicrous, or fantastic action.
- Antichrist: n. Any opponent or enemy of Christ, whether a person or a power.
- anticlimax: n. A gradual or sudden decrease in the importance or impressiveness of what is said.
- anticlimax: n. disappointing end to a series of events which had seemed likely to become more interesting, exciting or impressive
- anticyclone: n. An atmospheric condition of high central pressure, with currents flowing outward.
- antidote: n. Anything that will counteract or remove the effects of poison, disease, or the like.
- antidote: medicine used against a poison or a disease
- antidote: n. ~ substance that acts against the effects of a poison or disease
- antilogy: n. Inconsistency or contradiction in terms or ideas.
- antipathize: v. To show or feel a feeling of antagonism, aversion, or dislike.
- antipathy: settled aversion or dislike:DISTASTE
- antiphon: n. A response or alteration of responses, generally musical.
- antiphony: n. An anthem or other composition sung responsively.
- antipodes: n. A place or region on the opposite side of the earth.
- antiquary: n. One who collects and examines old things, as coins, books, medals, weapons, etc.
- antiquate: v. To make old or out of date.
- antiquated: adj. (of things) out of date, obsolete ,
- antique: adj. Pertaining to ancient times.
- antique: adj. belonging to the distant past
- antiquity: n. ancient times, esp before the Middle Ages
- antiseptic: n. Anything that destroys or restrains the growth of putrefactive micro-organisms.
- antiseptic: n. substance that prevents a wound, etc from becoming septic, esp by destroying bacteria
- antislavery: adj. Opposed to human slavery.
- antispasmodic: adj. Tending to prevent or relieve non-inflammatory spasmodic affections.
- antistrophe: n. The inversion of terms in successive classes, as in "the home of joy and the joy of home".
- antithesis: n. ~ (of/to sth/sb) direct opposite
- antithetical: direct opposing
- antitoxin: n. A substance which neutralizes the poisonous products of micro-organisms.
- antler: n. branched horn of a stag or of some other deer
- antonym: n. A word directly opposed to another in meaning.
- anvil: n. iron block on which a smith shapes heated metal by hammering it
- anxious: adj. Distressed in mind respecting some uncertain matter.
- apartheid: brutal racial discrimination
- apathetic: adj. showing or feeling apathy
- apathy: n. Insensibility to emotion or passionate feeling.
- apathy: n. ~ lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern; indifference
- ape: n. any of the four primates (gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, gibbon) most closely related to man .
- aperture: n. Hole.
- aperture: n. narrow opening
- apex: n. The highest point, as of a mountain.
- apex: n. top or highest point
- aphasia: n. partial or total loss of ability to speak or understand spoken language, caused by damage to the brain
- aphorism: n. Proverb.
- aphorism: n. short wise saying; maxim ;
- apiarist: n. person who keeps bees
- apiary: n. A place where bees are kept.
- apiary: n. place with a number of hives where bees are kept
- apiculture: the cultivation of bees on a commercial scale for the production of honey
- aplomb: self-confidence
- aplomb: n. confidence and self-control; poise
- apocalyptic: adj. prophesying great and dramatic events like those in the Apocalypse
- apocryphal: adj. not likely to be genuine; untrue or invented
- apogee: n. The climax.
- apogee: n. position in the orbit of the moon, a planet or a satellite when it is at its greatest distance from the earth ,
- apolitical: adj. not interested or involved in politics
- apologist: n. person who defends a doctrine by logical argument
- apology: n. A disclaimer of intentional error or offense.
- apoplexy: n. sudden inability to feel or move, caused by the blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain ,
- apostasy: n. A total departure from one's faith or religion.
- apostate: adj. False.
- apostate: one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions
- apostate: n. person who renounces his former beliefs, etc
- apostle: n. Any messenger commissioned by or as by divine authority.
- apothecary: n. One who keeps drugs for sale and puts up prescriptions.
- apothecary: n. person who prepares and sells medicines and medical goods
- apothegm: = apophthegm
- apotheosis: n. Deification.
- apotheosis: deification glorification to godliness
- apotheosis: n. (of a human being) making or becoming a god or a sain
- appall: v. To fill with dismay or horror.
- appall: to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay
- apparent: adj. Easily understood.
- apparent: adj. clearly seen or understood; obvious
- apparition: n. Ghost.
- apparition: n. appearance, esp of sth startling, strange or unexpected ,
- appease: v. To soothe by quieting anger or indignation.
- appease: make quiet or calm
- appease: v. make quiet or calm, usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands
- appellate: adj. Capable of being appealed to.
- appellation: n. The name or title by which a particular person, class, or thing is called.
- appellation: n. name or title; system of naming ;
- append: v. To add or attach, as something accessory, subordinate, or supplementary.
- append: v. ~ sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing)
- appertain: v. To belong, as by right, fitness, association, classification, possession, or natural relation.
- application: n. ~ (to sb) (for sth) formal request
- apposite: adj. Appropriate.
- apposite: adj. ~ (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion)
- apposition: n. The act of placing side by side, together, or in contact.
- appraise: v. To estimate the money value of.
- appraise: v. assess the value or quality of
- appreciable: adj. Capable of being discerned by the senses or intellect.
- appreciate: v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highly
- apprehend: v. To make a prisoner of (a person) in the name of the law.
- apprehend: v. seize (sb); arrest
- apprehensible: adj. Capable of being conceived.
- apprehensive: grasping understanding fear unhappy feeling about future
- apprehensive: adj. ~ ~ (that.../for sb/sth) feeling anxiety; fearful; uneasy
- apprise: give notice to inform
- apprise: v. ~ sb of sth inform sb of sth
- approbation: n. Sanction.
- approbation: approval
- approbation: n. approval; consent
- appropriate: adj. ~ suitable; right and proper
- appropriate: adj. Suitable for the purpose and circumstances.
- appurtenances: [ appurtenance: ] a secondary or less significant thing or part
- apropos: adv, adj appropriate or relevant to what is being said or done
- apropos: appropriate to the situation apt
- apt: well-suited quick-witted
- aptitude: n. ~ natural ability or skill
- aqueduct: n. A water-conduit, particularly one for supplying a community from a distance.
- aqueous: adj. Of, pertaining to, or containing water.
- aquiline: adj. of or like an eagle
- arabesque: a complex ornate design
- arable: n. , adj suitable for ploughing and for growing crops
- arbiter: n. ~ person who has power to decide what will be done, accepted, etc with regard to sth
- arbiter: n. One chosen or appointed, by mutual consent of parties in dispute, to decide matters.
- arbitrary: adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason
- arbitrary: adj. Fixed or done capriciously.
- arbitrate: v. ~ (between A and B) make a judgement about or settle (a dispute) between two parties (usu when asked by them to do so)
- arbitrate: v. To act or give judgment as umpire.
- arbor: n. A tree.
- arboreal: adj. of or living in trees
- arboreal: adj. Of or pertaining to a tree or trees.
- arboreal: of connected with trees
- arborescent: adj. Having the nature of a tree.
- arboretum: n. place where trees are grown for scientific study or for display
- arboretum: n. A botanical garden or place devoted to the cultivation of trees or shrubs.
- arboriculture: n. The cultivation of trees or shrubs.
- arcade: n. covered passage or area, esp one with an arched roof and shops along one or both sides
- arcade: n. A vaulted passageway or street; a roofed passageway having shops, etc., opening from it.
- arcane: requiring secret or mysterious knowledge
- arch-: comb form chief; most important
- archaeology: n. study of ancient civilizations by scientific analysis of physical remains found in the ground
- archaeology: n. The branch of anthropology concerned with the systematic investigation of the relics of man.
- archaic: adj. of a much earlier or an ancient period in history
- archaic: adj. Antiquated
- archaism: n. Obsolescence.
- archangel: n. An angel of high rank.
- archbishop: n. The chief of the bishops of an ecclesiastical province in the Greek, Roman, and Anglican church.
- archdeacon: n. A high official administrator of the affairs of a diocese.
- archetype: n. original or ideal model from which others are copied; prototype ;
- archetype: n. A prototype.
- archipelago: n. (sea surrounding a) group of many islands
- archipelago: n. Any large body of water studded with islands, or the islands collectively themselves.
- archives: n. historical documents or records of a government, town, etc
- ardent: adj. Burning with passion.
- ardor: extreme vigor or energy:INTENSITY
- ardor: n. Intensity of passion or affection.
- ardor: enthusiasm
- arduous: adj. needing much effort or energy; laborious
- arduous: steep difficult ascent laborious
- argot: n. words and phrases used by a particular group and not intended to be understood by others; cant ;
- argot: jargon slang
- aria: n. song for one voice, esp in an opera or oratorio
- arid: adj. having little or no rainfall; dry
- arid: adj. Very dry.
- aristocracy: n. highest social class; the nobility
- aristocracy: n. A hereditary nobility
- aristocrat: n. A hereditary noble or one nearly connected with nobility.
- armada: n. large fleet of ships
- armada: n. A fleet of war-vessels.
- armful: n. As much as can be held in the arm or arms.
- armory: n. An arsenal.
- aroma: n. An agreeable odor.
- aromatic: adj. having a pleasant, distinctive smell; fragrant
- arraign: v. ~ sb (law ) bring a criminal charge against sb; bring sb to court for trial
- arraign: v. To call into court, as a person indicted for crime, and demand whether he pleads guilty or not.
- arrange: v. To put in definite or proper order.
- arrangement: n. The act of putting in proper order, or the state of being put in order.
- arrant: adj. Notoriously bad.
- arrant: in the highest degree
- array: v. place (esp armed forces, troops, etc) in battle order
- arrear: n. Something overdue and unpaid.
- arrears: n. money that is owed and should have been paid earlier
- arrhythmic: lacking rhythm or regularity
- arrival: n. A coming to stopping-place or destination.
- arrogance: a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims
- arrogance: proud superior manner of behaviour
- arrogant: adj. Unduly or excessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc.
- arrogate: v. To take, demand, or claim, especially presumptuously or without reasons or grounds.
- arroyo: a brook; a creek a water-carved gully or channel
- arsenal: n. place where weapons and ammunition are made or stored
- artery: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from the heart to all parts of the body
- Artesian: well n. A very deep bored well. water rises due to underground pressure
- artful: adj. cunningly clever at getting what one wants; crafty
- artful: adj. Characterized by craft or cunning.
- Arthurian: adj. Pertaining to King Arthur, the real or legendary hero of British poetic story.
- articulate: adj. able to express one's ideas clearly in words
- articulate: speak distinctly connect by joints
- artifacts: something created by humans usually for a practical purpose; especially :an object remaining from a particular period
- artifice: n. clever trickery; deception
- artifice: n. Trickery.
- artisan: a manually skilled worker
- artless: adj. simple and natural; without deceit
- artless: adj. Ingenuous.
- ascend: go or come up
- ascendancy: n. ~ (position of) having dominant power or control
- ascendant: adj. Dominant.
- ascension: n. The act of rising.
- ascent: n. A rising, soaring, or climbing.
- ascertain: v. discover (sth) so that one is certain; get to know
- ascertain: get to know
- ascetic: adj. not allowing oneself pleasures and comforts; having or involving a very austere life
- ascetic: adj. Given to severe self-denial and practicing excessive abstinence and devotion.
- ascetic: practicing self-denial austere stark
- ascribe: v. ~ sth to sb/sth consider sth to be caused by, written by or belonging to sb/sth
- ascribe: v. To assign as a quality or attribute.
- ascribe: consider to be the origin of or belonging to
- aseptic: adj. free from bacteria that cause a thing to become septic; surgically clean
- aseptic: surgically clean
- asexual: adj. Having no distinct sexual organs.
- ashen: adj. like ashes in colour; very pale
- ashen: adj. Pale.
- asinine: adj. stupid or stubborn
- askance: adv. look
- askance: adv. With a side or indirect glance or meaning.
- askew: adj. , adv not in a straight or level position; crooked
- asperity: n. harshness or severity, esp of manner
- asperity: n. Harshness or roughness of temper.
- asperity: roughness harshness ill temper irritability
- aspersion: slanderous remark
- aspersion: slander
- aspirant: n. ~ (fml ) person who is ambitious (for fame, promotion, success, etc)
- aspirant: n. One who seeks earnestly, as for advancement, honors, place.
- aspiration: n. ~ ~ (to do sth) strong desire or ambition
- aspiration: n. An earnest wish for that which is above one's present reach.
- aspire: v. ~ after/to sth desire strongly to achieve sth; have ambition for sth
- aspire: v. To have an earnest desire, wish, or longing, as for something high and good, not yet attained.
- assail: v. ~ sb (fml ) attack sb violently or repeatedly
- assail: with attack violently
- assailant: n. One who attacks.
- assassin: n. One who kills, or tries to kill, treacherously or secretly.
- assassinate: v. To kill, as by surprise or secret assault, especially the killing of some eminent person.
- assassination: n. Murderer, as by secret assault or treachery.
- assay: n. testing of esp metals for quality
- assay: n. The chemical analysis or testing of an alloy ore.
- assent: n. ~ (fml ) agreement; approval
- assent: v. To express agreement with a statement or matter of opinion.
- assert: v. make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently
- assess: v. To determine the amount of (a tax or other sum to be paid).
- assessment: n. action of assessing
- assessor: n. An officer whose duty it is to assess taxes.
- assets: n. pl. Property in general, regarded as applicable to the payment of debts.
- assiduous: adj. showing constant and careful attention
- assiduous: adj. Diligent.
- assiduous: diligent hard-working sedulous
- assignee: n. One who is appointed to act for another in the management of certain property and interests.
- assimilate: v. (cause sth to) become absorbed into the body after digestion
- assimilate: v. To adapt.
- assonance: n. Resemblance or correspondence in sound.
- assonant: adj. Having resemblance of sound.
- assonate: v. To accord in sound, especially vowel sound.
- assuage: v. make (sth) less severe; soothe
- assuage: v. To cause to be less harsh, violent, or severe, as excitement, appetite, pain, or disease.
- assuage: make something (pain desire) less
- assumption: n. thing accepted as true or as sure to happen, but not proved
- assurance: n. confident belief in one's own abilities and powers
- asterisk: the mark * (e.g.. omitted letters)
- asteroid: n. any of many small planets revolving round the sun, esp between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
- astigmatism: n. defect in an eye or a lens that prevents correct focusing
- astral: adj. of or from the stars
- astringent: n. substance, used medically or in cosmetics, that makes skin or body tissue contract and so stops bleeding
- astringent: adj. Harsh in disposition or character.
- astringent: substance that shrinks
- astronomical: adj. of astronomy
- astute: adj. clever and quick at seeing how to gain an advantage; shrewd
- astute: adj. Keen in discernment.
- astute: clever quick at seeing to get an advantage
- asunder: adv. into pieces; apart
- asylum: n. safety; refuge
- asymmetric: adj. not having parts that correspond to each other in size, shape, etc; lacking symmetry
- atavism: n. reappearance in a person of a characteristic or quality that has not been seen in his family for many generations
- atheism: n. The denial of the existence of God.
- atheistic: adj.
- athirst: adj. Wanting water.
- athwart: adv. From side to side.
- atomizer: n. An apparatus for reducing a liquid to a fine spray, as for disinfection, inhalation, etc.
- atone: v. ~ (fml ) act in a way that compensates for a previous wrong, error, etc
- atone: v. To make amends for.
- atonement: n. Amends, reparation, or expiation made from wrong or injury.
- atonement: repayment death of Jesus
- atrocious: adj. Outrageously or wantonly wicked, criminal, vile, or cruel.
- atrocity: n. great wickedness or cruelty
- atrocity: n. Great cruelty or reckless wickedness.
- atrophy: n. wasting away of the body or part of it through lack of nourishment or use
- attache: n. A subordinate member of a diplomatic embassy.
- attentive: adj. ~ giving attention (to sb/sth); alert and watchful
- attenuate: v. make (sth/sb) thin or slender
- attenuate: make thin. weaken enervate
- attest: v. ~ (to) sth be or give clear proof of sth
- attest: v. To certify as accurate, genuine, or true.
- attire: n. clothes; dress
- attorney-general: n. The chief law-officer of a government.
- attribute: v. ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth
- attrition: n. process of gradually weakening sb's strength and confidence by continuous harassment
- attune: bring into harmony
- atypical: adj. not representative or characteristic of its type; not typical
- auburn: adj. Reddish-brown, said usually of the hair.
- audacious: adj. showing a willingness to take risks; daring; fearless
- audacious: adj. Fearless.
- audacious: daring foolishly bold impudent
- audible: adj. Loud enough to be heard.
- audit: n. official examination of accounts to see that they are in order
- audition: n. The act or sensation of hearing.
- auditory: adj. Of or pertaining to hearing or the organs or sense of hearing.
- augment: v. make (sth) larger in number or size; increase
- augment: v. To make bigger.
- augur: v. To predict.
- augury: omen; prophecy
- augury: omen sign
- august: majestic, venerable
- august: majestic venerable
- Augustinian: adj. Pertaining to St. Augustine, his doctrines, or the religious orders called after him.
- aura: n. Pervasive psychic influence supposed to emanate from persons
- aural: adj. Of or pertaining to the ear.
- aureole: sun's corona; halo
- auricle: n. One of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins.
- auricular: adj. Of or pertaining to the ear, its auricle, or the sense of hearing.
- auriferous: adj. Containing gold.
- aurora: n. A luminous phenomenon in the upper regions of the atmosphere.
- auroral: [ aurora: ] an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands, curtains, or streamers of light, usually green, red, or yellow, that move across the sky in polar regions.
- auspice: n. favoring, protecting, or propitious influence or guidance.
- auspicious: adj. showing signs of future success; favourable; promising
- auspicious: favorable successful prosperous
- austere: adj. severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts
- austere: adj. Severely simple; unadorned.
- austere: severely moral and strict simple and plain
- austerity: n. quality of being austere
- autarchy: n. Unrestricted power.
- authentic: adj. Of undisputed origin.
- authenticate: Rractical experience of sth
- authenticity: n. The state or quality of being genuine, or of the origin and authorship claimed.
- authoritarian: adj. favouring complete obedience to authority before personal freedom
- authoritative: adj. having authority; that can be trusted; reliable
- autobiography: n. The story of one's life written by himself.
- autocracy: n. Absolute government.
- autocrat: n. ruler of an autocracy
- autocrat: n. Any one who claims or wields unrestricted or undisputed authority or influence.
- autocratic: adj.
- automaton: n. = robot 1
- automaton: n. Any living being whose actions are or appear to be involuntary or mechanical.
- autonomous: adj. self-governing; acting independently
- autonomous: adj. Self-governing.
- autonomy: n. Self-government.
- autopsy: n. examination of a dead body to learn the cause of death; post-mortem ()
- autopsy: n. The examination of a dead body by dissection to ascertain the cause of death.
- autumnal: adj. Of or pertaining to autumn.
- auxiliary: adj. giving help or support; additional
- auxiliary: helping supporting
- auxiliary: n. One who or that which aids or helps, especially when regarded as subsidiary or accessory.
- avalanche: n. mass of snow, ice and rock that slides rapidly down the side of a mountain
- avalanche: n. The fall or sliding of a mass of snow or ice down a mountain-slope, often bearing with it rock.
- avarice: n. greed for wealth or gain
- avarice: n. Passion for getting and keeping riches.
- avenge: v. take or get revenge for
- aver: v. (fml ) state (sth) firmly and positively; assert ;
- aver: affirm assert prove justify
- aver: v. To assert as a fact.
- averse: adj. ~ to sth not liking sth; opposed to sth
- averse: adj. Reluctant.
- aversion: n. ~ strong dislike
- aversion: strong dislike
- aversion: n. A mental condition of fixed opposition to or dislike of some particular thing.
- avert: v. ~ sth turn sth away
- avert: v. To turn away or aside.
- aviary: n. large cage or building for keeping birds in, eg in a zoo ,
- aviary: n. A spacious cage or enclosure in which live birds are kept.
- avid: adj. ~ eager; greedy
- avid: eager greedy
- avidity: n. Greediness.
- avocation: secondary or minor occupation
- avocation: n. Diversion.
- avow: v. declare (sth) openly; admit
- avow: admit. Declare openly
- avow: v. To declare openly.
- avuncular: adj. of or like an uncle, esp in manner
- awaken: v. To arouse, as emotion, interest, or the like.
- awe: n. feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder
- awful: adj. extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible
- awl: n. small pointed tool for making holes, esp in leather or wood
- awry: adv. crookedly; out of position; askew ;
- awry: adv. & adj. Out of the proper form, direction, or position.
- axiom: n. statement that is accepted as true without further proof or argument
- aye: adv. An expression of assent.
- azalea: n. A flowering shrub.
- azure: n. , adj bright blue, as of the sky
- azure: n. The color of the sky.
- Baconian: adj. Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon or his system of philosophy.
- bacterium: n. A microbe.
- badger: v. To pester.
- baffle: v. To foil or frustrate.
- bailiff: n. An officer of court having custody of prisoners under arraignment.
- baize: n. A single-colored napped woolen fabric used for table-covers, curtains, etc.
- bale: n. A large package prepared for transportation or storage.
- baleful: harmful ominous causing evil
- baleful: adj. Malignant.
- balk: obstacle purposely to get on the way of
- ballad: n. Any popular narrative poem, often with epic subject and usually in lyric form.
- balsam: n. A medical preparation, aromatic and oily, used for healing.
- banal: adj. Commonplace.
- baneful: causing harm or ruin pernicious destructive
- barcarole: n. A boat-song of Venetian gondoliers.
- baritone: adj. Having a register higher than bass and lower than tenor.
- barograph: n. An instrument that registers graphically and continuously the atmospheric pressure.
- barometer: n. An instrument for indicating the atmospheric pressure per unit of surface.
- barrage: artificial obstacle built across a river
- barren: not good enough unable to have young ones without value
- barring: prep. Apart from.
- bask: in enjoy warmth and light
- bask: v. To make warm by genial heat.
- bass: adj. Low in tone or compass.
- baste: v. To cover with melted fat, gravy, while cooking.
- baton: n. An official staff borne either as a weapon or as an emblem of authority or privilege.
- battalion: n. A body of infantry composed of two or more companies, forming a part of a regiment.
- batten: n. A narrow strip of wood.
- batter: n. A thick liquid mixture of two or more materials beaten together, to be used in cookery.
- bauble: n. A trinket.
- bawl: v. To proclaim by outcry.
- beatify: v. To make supremely happy.
- beatify: to bless make happy or ascribe a virtue to
- beatitude: n. Any state of great happiness.
- beau: n. An escort or lover.
- becalm: v. To make quiet.
- bedizen: to adorn especially in a cheap showy manner
- belabor: beat hard
- bellicose: belligerent pugnacious warlike
- belligerent: (person nation) waging war
- benefactor: person who has given help
- benevolence: wish or activity in doing good
- benign: kind and gentle mild (climate)
- bequest: arrangement to give something at death
- berate: scold sharply
- bereft: rob or dispossess of something (material)
- bewilder: puzzle confuse
- bigot: stubborn narrow-minded person
- bilge: bulge the protuberance of a cask
- blandishment: flattery coaxing
- blandness: polite manner comforting uninteresting
- blatant: noisy and rough
- blithe: cheerful casual carefree
- bogus: sham counterfeit not genuine
- boisterous: loud noisy rough lacking restraint
- bolster: give greatly needed support
- boorish: crude offensive rude
- brash: hasty rush cheeky saucy
- brass: yellow metal (mixing copper and zinc)
- brazen: made of brass
- breach: opening broken place breaking
- brittle: easily broken
- broach: bring up announce begin to talk about
- brook: to tolerate endure
- buoyant: able to float light-hearted
- burgeon: grow forth send out buds
- burnish: to polish rub to a shine
- cabal: a scheme or plot a group of plotters
- cadge: to beg to get by begging
- cajole: use flattery or deceit to persuade
- calipers: metal supports attached to the legs measuring instrument
- calumny: slander aspersion
- candid: frank straight-forward
- cant: insincere talk/jargon
- cantankerous: bad-tempered/quarrelsome
- canvass: discuss thoroughly sort of touting
- castigate: to chastise correct by punishing
- castigation: severe punishment
- catalyst: substance that causes speeding up
- caustic: biting sarcastic
- censure: expression of blame or disapproval a rebuke
- centurion: leader of a unit of 100 soldiers
- chary: cautious wary
- chastened: corrected punished
- chastisement: punishment
- chauvinist: a blindly devoted patriot
- chicanery: legal trickery/false argument
- chisel: steel tool for shaping materials
- churl: bad-tempered person
- clamor: shout complain with a lot of noise
- clientele: customers
- clinch: come to grips/settle conclusively
- cling: to resist separation
- clot: half-solid lump formed from liquid
- cloture: closing device (in Parliament) to end a debate by voting
- coagulation: change to a thick and solid state
- coalescing: coming together and uniting into one substance
- coax: get smb to do something by kindness
- coda: passage that completes a piece of music
- coddle: treat with care and tenderness
- coerce: compel to force to make obedient
- coeval: of the same period coexisting
- cogent: strong convincing
- cogitate: think deeply mediate
- cognizant: being fully aware of
- cohort: a group or band of people
- colander: bowl-shaped vessel with many holes used to drain off water
- collusion: secret agreement for a deceitful purpose
- combustion: process of burning
- commemorate: keep the memory of
- commodious: having plenty of space for what is needed
- commuter: person who travels regularly
- complaisance: tending to comply obliging willingness to please
- compunction: feeling of regret for one's action
- conceal: hide keep secret
- conceit: over-high opinion of too much pride
- conciliatory: reconciling soothing comforting mollifying
- concord: agreement or harmony
- concur: agree in opinion happen together
- condense: increase in density strength make laconic
- condone: forgive
- Conduce: To bring about
- congeal: make or become stiff and solid
- conjoin: to join together
- connoisseur: a person with good judgement (e.g.. in art)
- connotation: suggestion in addition to
- consequential: pompous self important
- console: give comfort or sympathy to
- conspicuous: easily seen remarkable
- consternation: surprise and fear dismay
- constrain: compel
- constrict: make tight or smaller
- consume: get to the end of
- consummate: perfect/make perfect/complete
- contemn: to scorn or despise
- contentious: argumentative pugnacious combative quarrelsome
- contiguous: touching neighboring near
- contrite: filled with deep sorrow for wrongdoing
- contumacious: insubordinate rebellious
- conundrum: a riddle dilemma enigma
- conviction: convincing firm belief
- convoke: call together summon
- convoluted: complicated coiled twisted
- cordial: warm and sincere
- cordon: line (of police acting as a guard)
- cornucopia: abundant supply
- corporeal: physical of or for the body
- correlate: have a mutual relation
- corroboration: additional strengthening evidence
- countenance: to favor or approve of
- counterfeit: forgery
- countervail: counterbalance
- covert: disguised
- covetous: eagerly desirous
- cower: crouch shrink back
- coy: shy/modest (esp of a girl)
- crass: very great (es. stupidity)
- cravat: piece of linen worn as a necktie
- craven: cowardly
- crease: line made by crushing white line on the ground in cricket
- credulity: too great a readiness to believe things
- credulous: ready to believe things
- crush: press lose shape subdue overwhelm
- cryptic: secret with a hidden meaning
- cumbersome: burdensome heavy and awkward to carry
- curmudgeon: bad-tempered person
- curriculum: course of study
- cursory: quick hurried
- curtail: make shorter then was planned
- dainty: pretty/delicate(food)/difficult to please
- daunt: intimidate make fearful
- dawdler: person who is slow waste of time
- dearth: shortage
- debacle: a breakup overthrow sudden disaster
- decorum: propriety properness
- decree: order given by authority
- decry: disapprove of
- defer: postpone give way (to show respect)
- deferential: showing respect
- defiance: open disobedience or resistance
- delineate: to portray depict sketch out
- deluge: great flood heavy rush of water
- demagogue: person appealing not to reasons
- demur: to hesitate raise objections
- denigrate: blacken belittle sully defame
- denouement: an outcome or solution the unraveling of a plot
- deplete: use until none remains
- deposition: dethronement depositing
- deprave: make morally bad corrupt
- deprecate: protest against express disapproval of
- dereliction: deserting and leaving to fall into ruins
- derision: ridicule mockery deriding
- derivative: unoriginal obtained from another source
- derogatory: insulting tending to damage
- descry: catch sight of see something in the distance
- desiccant: substance used to absorb moisture
- desuetude: cessation of use disuse
- desultory: aimless haphazard digressing at random
- deter: discourage hinder
- detraction: slandering verbal attack aspersion
- detumescence: diminishing or lessening of swelling
- deviance: being different in moral standards (from normal)
- dexterity: skill (esp. in handling)
- diaphanous: transparent gauzy
- diatribe: bitter and violent attack in words
- didactic: intended to instruct
- diffidence: shyness
- dilate: speak comprehensively become wider large
- disallow: refuse to allow or accept as a correct
- discern: see with an effort but clearly
- discomfit: confuse embarrass
- disconcert: upset the self-possession of
- discountenance: refuse to approve of
- discourse: speech lecture
- discredit: refuse to believe
- discreet: careful/prudent
- discrete: individually distinct
- disdain: look on with contempt
- disencumber: free from encumbrance
- disheveled: untidy
- disingenuous: sophisticated artful trying to deceive cunning
- disinter: dig up from the earth
- dislodge: move force from the place occupied
- dismal: sad gloomy miserable
- disparate: essentially different
- disproof: proof to the contrary
- dissemble: speak or behave so as to hide something (in mind)
- disseminate: distribute (esp. ideas)
- dissent: have a different opinion refuse to assent
- dissolution: disintegration looseness in morals
- distraught: distracted violently upset in mind
- divergence: getting farther apart from a point
- divestiture: taking off getting rid of giving up
- divulge: make known something secret
- doggerel: trivial poorly constructed verse
- dogmatic: positive certain arbitrary without room for discussion
- dolt: stupid fellow
- dormant: in a state of inactivity but awaiting development
- dote: show much fondness center one's attention
- drawl: slow way of speaking
- droll: jesting
- drone: male bee person who isn't self-employed
- drowsiness: feeling sleepy half asleep
- dubious: feeling doubt
- dud: no use person something that fails
- dulcet: melodious harmonious
- dupe: cheat make a fool of
- duplicity: deliberate deception
- duress: threats to compel smb
- dwarf: person or smb much below the usual size
- dynamo: a generator something that produces electric current
- earthenware: dishes made of baked clay
- ebullience: exuberance outburst of feeling
- ebullient: overflowing with enthusiasm showing excitement
- ecumenical: representing the whole Christian world
- edacious: voracious devouring
- eddy: circular or spiral movement (e.g.. of wind)
- edible: fit to be eaten/not poisonous
- effete: infertile worn out weak
- efficacy: production of a desired result
- effluvia: outflow in a stream of particles a noxious odor or vapor
- effrontery: boldness impudence arrogance
- egress: way out exit
- elaborate: worked out with much care in great detail
- elegy: a lament a melancholy composition
- elicit: draw out
- eloquence: fluent speaking skillful use of language
- emaciate: make thin and weak
- embellish: make beautiful
- embezzle: use in a wrong way for one's own benefit
- emote: stir up excite
- empirical: relying on experiment
- encapsulate: enclose in capsule
- encomium: warm or glowing praise eulogy panegyric
- encumbrance: burden things that get on the way of
- endearing: making dear or liked
- endemic: epidemic
- endorse: write one's name on the back of
- enduring: lasting
- enervate: weaken deprive of strength attenuate
- engender: cause produce give rise to
- engrave: impress deeply
- engrossing: taken up all the time or attention writing in large or formal
- engulf: swallow up
- enigma: something that is puzzling
- enmity: hatred being an enemy
- ensign: flag/badge
- entangle: put into difficulties
- enthral: please greatly/enslave (fig)
- entice: tempt or persuade
- entreat: ask earnestly
- enunciate: pronounce (words)/express a theory
- enzyme: catalyst
- epicurean: devoted to pleasure (sensuous enjoyment)
- epistle: letter
- epithet: adjective
- epitome: brief summary representative example a typical model
- equable: steady regular
- equanimity: calmness of temperament
- equilibrium: state of being balanced
- equipoise: equal distribution of weight equilibrium
- equivocal: having a double or doubtful meaning suspicious
- equivocate: try to deceive by equivocal language
- eradicate: get rid of pull up by the roots
- erratic: irregular in behaviour or opinion
- erudite: learned scholarly
- eschew: avoid
- esoteric: abstruse intended only for a small circle of
- espouse: marry give one's support to
- eulogy: formal praise panegyric
- euphoria: elation state of pleasant excitement
- euthanasia: easy and painless death
- evasive: tending to evade
- evince: to show clearly to indicate
- evoke: call up bring out
- excoriation: severe criticism
- exculpate: to clear from a charge of guilt
- exhaustive: complete thorough
- exigency: emergency an urgent situation
- exoneration: set smb clear free (e.g.. from blame)
- exorbitant: much too high or great
- expatiate: to roam wander freely
- expedient: likely to be useful for a purpose
- expiation: ending expiring
- exploit: brilliant achievement develop use selfishly
- expostulate: argue earnestly to dissuade correct or protest
- expurgate: to remove obscenity purify censor
- exscind: to cut out cut away
- extant: still in existence
- extempore: without previous thought or preparation
- extenuate: reduce the strength of lessen seriousness partially excuse
- extinct: no longer active
- extinguish: end the existence of/wipe or put out
- extirpate: to destroy exterminate cut out exscind
- extol: praise highly
- extort: obtain by threats violence
- extralegal: outside the law
- extricable: that can be freed
- extrovert: cheerful person
- exuberance: state of growing vigorously being full of life
- facetious: humorous funny jocular
- facile: easily done
- fagged: too tired, exhausted
- fallacious: based on error
- falter: waver/move in an uncertain manner
- fatuous: without sense foolish self-satisfaction
- fawn: young deer try to win smb's favor
- feckless: lacking purpose or vitality ineffective careless
- fecund: fertile
- feint: pretend
- felicitous: apt suitably expressed well chosen apropos
- felon: person guilty of murder
- ferment: substance become excited
- ferocity: savage cruelty
- ferret: discover by searching search
- fervid: showing earnest feeling
- fervor: warmth of feelings earnestness
- fetid: stinking
- fetter: to shackle put in chains
- feud: bitter quarrel over a long period of time
- fidelity: loyalty accuracy
- fidget: move restlessly make nervous
- figurehead: carved image on the prow of a ship
- finesse: delicate way of dealing with a situation
- finical: too fussy about food clothing etc.
- finicky: finical
- fission: splitting or division (esp. of cells)
- fixate: stare at
- flak: criticism/anti-aircraft guns
- flamboyant: brightly colored florid
- flaunting: show off complacently
- flax: pale yellow (hair) a plant
- fledged: able to fly trained experienced
- fleet: number of ships quick-moving
- flinch: draw move back wince
- flop: fail/move/fall clumsily
- florid: very much ornamented naturally red (e.g.. of face)
- flout: reject mock to go against (as in going against tradition)
- fluke: lucky stroke
- fluster: make nervous or confused
- foible: defect of character (a person is wrongly proud)
- foil: prevent from carrying out contrast
- foment: put something warm (to lessen the pain)
- foolproof: incapable of failure or error
- foppish: like a man who pays too much attention to his clothes
- forage: food for horses and cattle
- forbear: refrain from be patient ancestor
- forbearance: patience willingness to wait
- ford: shallow place in a river (to cross)
- forestall: prevent by taking action in advance preempt
- forfeit: suffer the loss of something
- forge: workshop for the shaping of metal to shape metal lead
- forgery: counterfeit
- forswear: renounce disallow repudiate
- foster: nurture care for
- fracas: noisy quarrel
- fragile: easily injured broken or destroyed
- fragrant: sweet-smelling
- frantic: wildly excited with joy pain anxiety
- frenetic: frantic frenzied
- fret: worry irritation wear away
- fringe: edge ornamental border part of hair over the forehead
- froward: intractable not willing to yield or comply stubborn
- frugal: careful economical
- fulmination: bitter protest
- fulsome: disgusting offensive due to excessiveness
- gainsay: to deny to oppose
- garble: make unfair selection from facts
- garner: to gather and save to store up
- garrulity: talkativeness
- garrulous: too talkative
- gaucherie: socially awkward tactless behavior
- germane: relevant pertinent to
- gist: the point general sense
- glean: gather facts in small quantities
- glib: ready and smooth but not sincere
- glimmer: weak/unsteady light
- gloat: over look at with selfish delight
- glut: supply to much fill to excess
- gnaw: waste away bite steadily
- goad: something urging a person to action
- gorge: eat greedily/narrow opening with a stream
- gossamer: soft light delicate material
- gouge: tool for cutting grooves in wood
- gourmand: a person who is devoted to eating and drinking to excess
- grandiloquent: using pompous words
- grave: serious requiring consideration
- graze: touch or scrape lightly in passing
- gregarious: living in societies liking the company
- grievous: causing grief or pain serious dire grave
- grovel: crawl humble oneself
- guile: deceit cunning
- gullible: easily gulled
- gush: burst out suddenly/talk ardently
- gust: outburst of feeling sudden rain wind fire etc.
- hack: cut roughly hired horse
- halcyon: calm and peaceful
- hallow: to make holy consecrate
- harangue: a long passionate speech
- harbinger: something or smb that foretells the coming of
- harrow: to distress create stress or torment
- haughty: arrogant conceited
- heed: attention/give notice to
- heinous: odious (of crime)
- heresy: belief contrary to what is generally accepted
- hermetic: sealed by fusion
- heterogeneous: made up of different kinds
- hew: make by hard work cut (by striking)
- highbrow: (person) with superior tastes
- hirsute: hairy shaggy
- hoax: mischievous trick played on smb for a joke
- hoi: polloi the masses the rabble
- hollow: not soled with hole
- holster: leather case for a pistol
- homiletics: act of preaching
- hone: stone used for sharpening tools
- hoodwink: trick mislead
- hospitable: liking to give hospitality
- hubris: arrogant pride
- hush: make or become silent
- husk: worthless outside part of anything
- hypocrisy: falsely making oneself appear to be good
- iconoclast: person who attacks popular beliefs
- idiosyncrasy: personal mannerism
- idolatry: excessive admiration of
- idyll: a carefree episode or experience
- ignoble: dishonorable common undignified
- ignominious: shameful dishonorable undignified disgraceful
- illicit: unlawful forbidden
- imbroglio: complicated and embarrassing situation
- immaculate: pure faultless
- imminent: likely to come or happen soon
- immutable: that cannot be changed
- impair: worsen diminish in value
- impassive: unmoved feeling no sign of passion
- impecunious: having little or no money
- impede: hinder get in the way of
- impediment: something that hinders (e.g. stammer)
- impending: imminent being about to happen expected
- imperative: urgent essential
- imperious: commanding haughty arrogant
- impermeable: that cannot be permeated
- imperturbable: calm not capable of being excited
- impervious: not allowing to pass through (of materials)
- imperviousness: haughty arrogant commanding
- impetuous: having sudden energy impulsive thrusting ahead forceful
- impiety: lack of reverence or dutifulness
- implacable: incapable of being placated unpleasable
- implicate: show that smb has a share
- implicit: implied though not plainly expressed
- implosion: collapse bursting inward
- importune: beg urgently solicit (of a prostitute)
- imprecation: an invocation of evil a curse
- impromptu: without preparation
- impudent: rash indiscreet