- agression: any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt
- altruism: unselfish regard for the welfare of others
- Asch: He used lines of similar lengths to test for conformity among college students
- attitudes: feelings, often based on beliefs, that predispose us to respond in certain ways to objects, people and events
- attribution theory: This states that we explain behavior by either disposition or situation (or some combination of the two)
- bystander effect: the tendency for a bystander to be less likely to offer help if others are around
- bystander intervention: the act of an observer offering help to someone in need
- chameleon effect: this refers to the fact that we tend to mimic the feelings and actions of those around us
- cognitive dissonance: the theory that we will act to reduce the tension caused by two thoughts that are inconsistent
- conformity: adjusting one's behavior to conform to a group standard
- deindividuation: loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in situations that foster arousal and anonymity
- discrimination: unjustifiable negative behavior toward another group, driven by prejudice
- Festinger: He developed the idea of cognitive dissonance
- foot-in-the-door: this phenomenon describes the tendency of people who have first agreed to a small request to later agree to larger request
- frustration-aggression principle: the idea that frustration creates anger which can create agression
- fundamental attribution error: This says that we overemphasize the role of disposition in explaining others' behavior and overestimate the role of situation in explaining our own behavior
- group polarization: the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion; that is, the likelihood that a group's opinion will become more extreme after discussion
- groupthink: the type of thinking that results when desire for harmony overrides good decision making
- informational social influence: the influence we respond to when e listen to others' opinions on reality
- ingroup: the group that I belong to
- ingroup bias: the likelihood that I will favor my group over others
- just world: phenomenon in which we believe others get what they deserve
- mere exposure effect: repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases our liking them
- Milgram: experimented with measuring obedience
- more ways to increase conformity (see page 733): one has made no prior commitment, others are watching, one's culture supports conformity
- normative social influence: the influence we respond to when we clap when others clap at a play or bow our heads when others do at a funeral
- outgroup: the group that is different from mine
- prejudice: an unjustifiable attitude toward another group
- prosocial behavior: positive, helpful behavior
- reciprocity norm: the idea that we will help those who help us
- scapegoat: someone to blame for things gone wrong
- social exchange theory: the idea that our social behavior is intended to maximize benefits and minimize costs to us
- social facilitation: the phenomenon of stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
- social inequalities: discrepancies in income, social status, etc that may cause discrimination
- social loafing: the tendency of people to exert less effort in a group effort than when they are individually accountable
- social responsibility norm: the idea that we should care for those dependent on us
- social script: mental tapes we carry in our heads that tell us how to behave in different situations
- social trap: a situation in which pursuing one's own interests can cause mutually destructive behavior
- stereotype: a generalized belief about another group
- ways to increase conformity (see pg 733): one is made to feel insecure, group has 3 or more people, the group is unaminous, the group is admirable
CASA social psych