Quizlet Group Dynamics, Ch. 3

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  1. Abilene paradox: occurs when members are so motivated to get along that they all end up agreeing to something no one wants
  2. collectivistic cultures: cultures that emphasize the importance of the group and community and that value conformity
  3. dissent: to challenge group norms
  4. dual-process approach to minority influence: the idea that majorities and minorities both exert influence on the group, but in different ways
  5. evolutionary norms: norms originating in a member's response to a situation that is adopted as a norm by the group
  6. individualistic cultures: cultures that emphasize the importance of the individual, value independenc, and view conformity negatively
  7. informational pressure: the pressure to conform because of uncertainty and a need for information
  8. institutional norms: norms that originate in a group's leader or external authorities
  9. loose cultures: cultures in which norms are less clear and deviance is tolerated
  10. mass psychogenic illness: the occurrence in a group of people of similar physical symptoms with no apparent physical cause
  11. minority influence: the idea that a minority of group members can influence the majority
  12. normative pressure: the pressure to conform in order to be socially accepted and avoid rejection
  13. norms: shared expectations about how the members of a group ought to behave
  14. norms of competition: norms supportive of members' seeking personal goals at the expense of other members
  15. norms of cooperation: norms encouraging members to support one another toward the achievement of the group's goals
  16. pluralistic ignorance: occurs when group members mistakenly assume that others know what's going on; a backfiring of informational pressure
  17. production norms: norms specifying how hard to work and how much to produce
  18. role ambiguity: confusion about what our role is in the group or what is expected of us in our role
  19. role conflict: when the various demands of our role conflict (intrarole conflict) or when the demands of several roles we occupy conflict with one another (interrole conflict)
  20. role differentiation: the development of distinct roles in the group that occurs as group members take on different assignments
  21. role expectations: what we expect of members based on their role in the group
  22. roles: the different positions in the group, each with its own set of norms
  23. social impact theory: a theory stating that conformity depends on strength (how important the group of people is to you), immediacy (how close the group is to you in space and time), and number (how many people are in the group)
  24. socialization: the process by which new group members learn the norms of the group
  25. socioemotional roles: roles centered on satisfying the emotional needs of group members by encouraging others, mediating conflicts, and providing warmth and praise
  26. task roles: roles focused on getting the job done, including providing information, focusing the discussion on tasks, and assigning work
  27. theory of idiosyncrasy credits: a theory suggesting that to dissent effectively, you must first earn the right by paying conformity dues called idiosyncrasy credits
  28. theory of innovation: a theory suggesting that a strong, persistent minority can effectively sway the majority and cause true change
  29. tight cultures: cultures in which norms are clear and reliably imposed and deviance is punished through criticism and rejection
  30. voluntary norms: norms negotiated by a group, often to resolve conflict and promote smooth functioning