- antibodies: proteins that are specialized antigen receptors; inactive antigens by binding to them, followed by by macrophage phagocytosis. Stimulate complement proteins to bring about lysis of pathogens
- antigen: any molecule that can be identified as foreign
- antimicrobial proteins: such as lysozyme (breaks down cell walls of bacteria), contained in saliva, tears, and other secretions found on mucous membranes
- B cells: lymphocytes that originate and mature in bone marrow, respond to antigens, and is characaterized by specialized antigen receptors called antibodies
- basophils: white blood cells found in connective tissue
- CILIA: Line the lungs to sweep invaders out of lungs
- complement: group of about twenty proteins that "complement" defense reactions; help attract phagocytes to foreign cells and help destroy foreign cells by promoting cell lysis (breaking open the cell)
- gastric juice: found in stomach; kills most microbes
- histamine: chemical alarm signals secreted by basophils (white cells found in connective tissue)
- immune response: targets specific antigens
- inflammatory response: series of nonspecific events that occur in response to pathogens.
- interferons: substances secreted by cells invaded by viruses that stimulate neighboring cells to produce proteins that help defend against the viruses
- lymphocytes: white blood cells that originate in bone marrow but concentrate in lymphatic tissues such as the lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen
- major histocompatibility complex (MHC): mechanism by which immune system is able to differentiate b/w self and nonself cells
- monocytes: phagocytes that enlarge into large phagocytic cells called macrophages
- natural killer cells: other white blood cells that attack abnormal body cells or pathogen-infected body cells
- phagocytes: white bloods cells that engulf pathogens by phagocytosis
- skin: physical/hostile barrier covered with oily/acidic secretions from sweat glands
- symbiotic bacteria: (found in digestive tract/vagina) outcompetes many other organisms that could cause damage
- vasodilation: (dilation of blood vessels) stimulated by histamine, increases blood supply to the damaged area/ allows for easier movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls; causes redness, an increase of temp. , and swelling