Quizlet The immune system

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  1. antibodies: proteins that are specialized antigen receptors; inactive antigens by binding to them, followed by by macrophage phagocytosis. Stimulate complement proteins to bring about lysis of pathogens
  2. antigen: any molecule that can be identified as foreign
  3. antimicrobial proteins: such as lysozyme (breaks down cell walls of bacteria), contained in saliva, tears, and other secretions found on mucous membranes
  4. B cells: lymphocytes that originate and mature in bone marrow, respond to antigens, and is characaterized by specialized antigen receptors called antibodies
  5. basophils: white blood cells found in connective tissue
  6. CILIA: Line the lungs to sweep invaders out of lungs
  7. complement: group of about twenty proteins that "complement" defense reactions; help attract phagocytes to foreign cells and help destroy foreign cells by promoting cell lysis (breaking open the cell)
  8. gastric juice: found in stomach; kills most microbes
  9. histamine: chemical alarm signals secreted by basophils (white cells found in connective tissue)
  10. immune response: targets specific antigens
  11. inflammatory response: series of nonspecific events that occur in response to pathogens.
  12. interferons: substances secreted by cells invaded by viruses that stimulate neighboring cells to produce proteins that help defend against the viruses
  13. lymphocytes: white blood cells that originate in bone marrow but concentrate in lymphatic tissues such as the lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen
  14. major histocompatibility complex (MHC): mechanism by which immune system is able to differentiate b/w self and nonself cells
  15. monocytes: phagocytes that enlarge into large phagocytic cells called macrophages
  16. natural killer cells: other white blood cells that attack abnormal body cells or pathogen-infected body cells
  17. phagocytes: white bloods cells that engulf pathogens by phagocytosis
  18. skin: physical/hostile barrier covered with oily/acidic secretions from sweat glands
  19. symbiotic bacteria: (found in digestive tract/vagina) outcompetes many other organisms that could cause damage
  20. vasodilation: (dilation of blood vessels) stimulated by histamine, increases blood supply to the damaged area/ allows for easier movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls; causes redness, an increase of temp. , and swelling