- analytic empathy (realistic empathy): when parties understand what each side cares most about in the conflict and why it matters so much (each side's true issues), making integration possible
- arbitration: a type of third-party intervention in which the third party's recommendations for settlement are binding
- autistic hostility: when conflicting parties break off contact, making conflict resolution difficult because there is no opportunity to correct misperceptions
- competitive goal structure: a conflict context where it is believed that the goals of the two parties are divergent and cannot be reconciled
- concession-convergence model (distributive bargaining): negotiation model in which each side stakes out a tough position and "baby steps" are made toward agreement
- conflict spiraling: the escalation of conflict in a progressive pattern of attack and counterattack
- constructive conflict: a conflict that is primarily cooperative and oriented toward joint problem solving and the maintenance of a working relationship
- constructive controversy: when parties seek a collaborative agreement in a respectful culture
- contact hypothesis: the assumption that bringing conflicting parties into contact will be enough to reduce conflict
- cooperative education: a set of techniques designed to reduce intergroup tensions in educational settings by engineering equal-status contact and superordinate goals
- cooperative goal structure: a context in which conflicting parties believe that they can work together to satisfy both parties' goals
- destructive conflicts: conflicts that damage the group and relationships between members or groups
- differentiation: a part of constructive controversy in which parties illuminate the differences in their positions
- dual-concern model: suggests five conflict resolution styles that vary depending on how concerned the person is with his or her own outcomes as compared to the other party's outcomes [accomodators, avoiders, compromisers, collaborators, competitors]
- enemy imagery: stereotypes of the opposing party that suggest they are hostile or evil
- GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction): a systematic conflict resolution program in which each side makes increasingly cooperative gestures
- ingroup bias: when members selectively process their own group's actions in order to maintain a positive view of the group
- integration: a part of constructive controversy in which the parties work to combine their positions into a new position
- intercultural conflict: conflict involving parties from different cultures
- intergroup conflict: conflict between groups
- interpersonal conflict: conflict between two group members
- intragroup conflict: conflict within a group involving more than two members
- mediation: a type of third-party intervention in which advisory recommendations are made but do not have to be heeded by the disputants
- metaconflict: a situation in which new issues produced by the conflict overshadow the issues that initially triggered it
- mirror image: the tendancy for the two sides in a conflict to perceive each other in a similar, negative way
- mutual gains approach (integrative bargaining): negotation model in which both sides share what they want and why they want it, with the goal of coming up with a solution that satisfies the major issues of both parties
- negotiation: when conflicting parties use an exchange of offers and ideas to come with a settlement
- outgroup bias: when members of one group selectively process the actions of another group to maintain a negative view of that group
- perceptual distortion: the exaggerated misinterpretation and attribution of hostile intentions to an opponent's actions
- stalemate: the point at which it is clear that there is more to gain than lose from collaborating
- stonewalling: when one party refuses to talk about a conflict
- superordinate goal: a goal desired by both parties to a conflict
- third-party intervention: when an individual or group distinguishable from the conflicting parties interposes itself in an effort to move them toward agreement
- triangulation: when a group member attempts to mediate a conflict and inadvertently maintains or worsens the conflict, or is hurt in the process
- trust building: efforts to rebuld trust after it has been eroded by conflict
- ultimate attribution error: when each side in a conflict view its own negative actions as justifiable by the situation, while seeing the other's negative actions as evidence of an evil nature
- zero-sum conflict: a win-lose conflict in which it is believed that anything gained by one side must be lost by the other