Quizlet Chemistry 4/16 Test Vocabulary

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  1. aqueous solutions: water samples containing dissolved substances
  2. atmospheric pressure: results from the collisions of air molecules with objects
  3. barometers: devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure
  4. boiling point: the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure
  5. boiling-point elevation: the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and that of the pure solvent
  6. colligative properties: properties that only depend on the number of particles dissolved in a given mass of solvent
  7. concentrated solution: contains a high concentration of solute
  8. concentration: a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
  9. deliquescent: compounds that remove sufficient water from the air to dissolve completely and form solutions
  10. desiccants: hygroscopic substances are used as drying agents
  11. dilute solution: contains only a low concentration of solute
  12. effloresce: process of losing the water of hydration
  13. electrolytes: compounds that conduct an electric current
  14. evaporation: the conversion that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
  15. freezing-point depression: the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and that of the pure solvent
  16. gas pressure: the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object
  17. Henry's law: states that at a given temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid
  18. hygroscopic: removes moisture from the air
  19. immiscible: liquids that are insoluble in each other
  20. kinetic energy: the energy an object has because of its motion
  21. kinetic theory: states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion
  22. miscible: two liquids that dissolve in each other
  23. nonelectrolytes: compounds that do not conduct an electric current
  24. normal boiling point: boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa
  25. pascal (Pa): SI unit of pressure
  26. phase diagram: gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, and gas
  27. saturated solution: contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent
  28. solubility: the amount that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent
  29. solute: the dissolved particles
  30. solvation: the process that occurs when a solute dissolves
  31. solvent: the dissolving medium
  32. standard atmosphere (atm): the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 C
  33. strong electrolyte: almost all the solute exists as separate ions
  34. sublimation: the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state
  35. supersaturated solution: a solution that contains more solute than it should theoretically continue to hold
  36. surface tension: the inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid
  37. surfactant: a wetting agent such as soap or detergent
  38. triple point: describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another
  39. unsaturated: a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution
  40. vacuum: an empty space, with no particles and no pressure
  41. vapor pressure: a force due to the gas above the liquid
  42. vaporization: the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor
  43. water of hydration: water of crystallization, hydrate
  44. weak electrolyte: only a fraction of the solute exists as un-ionized