- ADH: antidiuretic hormone
- ARF: acute renal failure
- arteriole: small artery
- BILI: bilirubin
- bladder cancer: malignant tumor of the urinay bladder
- blood urea nitrogen: measurement of urea levels in blood
- bowman capsule: enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
- BUN: blood urea nitrogen
- C&S: culture and sensitivity testing
- calix: cup-like collectiong region of the renal pelvis
- calyx: cup-like collectiong region of the renal pelvis
- CAPD: continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
- Cath: catheter, catheterization
- catherer: tube for injection or removing fluids
- CCPD: continous cycling peritoneal dialysis
- CI-: chloride, an electrolyte excreted by the kidney
- CKD: chronic kidney disease
- cortex: Outer region
- creatine clearance: measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine form the blood
- creatinine: waste product on muscle metabolism
- creatinine clearance: measures the rate in which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
- CRF: chronic renal failure
- CT scan: x-ray image showing a detailed cross-sectional view of organs and tissues
- cysto: cystoscopic examination
- cystoscopy: direct visual examination of urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
- diabetes insipidus: inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the cation of antidiuretic hormone
- diabetes mellitus: inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin
- dialysis: process of separating nitrogenous wate materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
- electrolyte: a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when disolved in water
- erythropoietin: a hormone setcreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
- ESRD: end-stage renal disease
- filtration: passive process where some but not all substances pass through a filter or other material
- glomerulonephritis: inglammation of the kidney glomerulus
- glomerulus: tine ball capillaries in cortex of kidney
- HCO3: bicarbonate, an electrolyte conserved by the kidney
- HD: hemodialysis
- hemodialysis: uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patients bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dualyzed blood to the patient's body
- hilum: depression or hallow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
- interstital nephritis: inflammation of the renal interstitium
- K+: potassium, an electrolyte
- kidneys, ureters, and bladder: x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, uteres, and bladder
- KUB: kidenys, uteres, and bladder
- lithrotripsy: urinary tract stones are crushed and either removed or passed from the body in urine
- magnetic resonaance: a magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the kidney and surrounding structures in all three planes of the body
- meatus: one of two bean shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity in either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
- medulla: inner region of the kidney
- micturition: urination the act of voiding
- MR: magnetic resonance
- Na+: sodium, an electrolyte
- nephrolithiasis: kidney stones
- nephron: combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
- nephrotic syndrome: a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine
- nitrogenous waste: substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
- PD: peritoneal dialysis
- PD: pertioneal disease
- peritoneal dialysis: uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity
- pH: symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
- PKD: polycycstic kidney disease
- PKU: phenylketonuria
- polycystic kidney disease: multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney
- potassium: An electrolyte important to body processes. The kidney regulates the balance of potassium concentration within the blood
- PUL: percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy
- pyelonephritis: inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
- radioisotope scan: image of the kidney after injecting into the bloodstream a radioactive substance (radioisotope) that concentrates in the kidney
- reabsorption: in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
- reanl angiography: x-ray examination (without contract) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney
- renal angioplasty: dilation of the narrowed areas in renal arteries
- renal artery: blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
- renal biopsy: removal of kidney tissur for microscopic examination by a pathologist
- renal cell carcinoma: cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
- renal failure: failure of the kidney to excrete waste and maintain its filtration function
- renal hypertension: high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
- renal pelvis: central collection region of the kidney
- renal transplantation: surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient
- renal tubule: microscopis tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration
- renal vein: blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
- renin: a enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney
- retograde pyelogram: x-ray imaging of the kidneys, uteres, and bladder after ink=jection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters
- RP: retrograge pyelogram
- RP: retrograde pyelogram
- sodium: an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
- sp gr: specific gravity
- trigone: triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the uretersenter and the urethra exits
- UA: urinalysis
- ultrasonography: process of imaging urinary tract structures using jhigh frequency sound waves
- urea: major nitrogenous waste products excreted in urine
- ureter: tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
- urethra: tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
- uric acid: a nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
- urinalysis: examination of urine to determin the presence of abnormal elements that my indicate varios pathological conditions
- urinary bladder: hallow muscular sac that hols and stores urine
- urinary catheterization: passage of a flexible, tubular instument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
- urination: process of expelling urine
- UTI: urinary tract infection
- VCUG: voiding cystourethrogram
- voiding: emptying of urine for the urinary bladder
- voiding cystourethrogram: x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding urine
- wilms tumor: malignant tumor of the kidney in childhood