- 1: % are in high-tuition private schools
- 16: % of illiterate White
- 1968: Not until ____ did Congress mandate that schools provide some sort of transitional bilingual instruction
- 44: % of illiterate African Americans
- 5000: over _____ teachers are assaulted a month in US
- 56: % of illiterate Hispanic students
- 9: % are in low-tuition private schools (ex. Catholic)
- 90: % of students are in public schools
- Bosnia: divided along ethnic lines; different curriculum, language, history, etc., very decentralized
- Class reproduction: school mirrors and reinforces class divisions (conflict)
- Conflict: School perpetuates class, gender and racial inequalities, as some groups seek to maintain their privileged positions at others expense
- Credentialism: process of social and educational selection in which class advantage and social status are “linked” to the possession of academic “qualification” (conflict)
- Cultural capital: for success in school, kids need certain forms of this in order to succeed (values, beliefs, attitudes, culture, language skills); wealthier children have more of the right kind than poorer ones (conflict)
- cultural transmission: It imparts values, beliefs and knowledge considered essential to the social reproduction of individuals and entire cultures
- Functional illiteracy: inability to read and write at the skill level necessary for carrying out quality everyday tasks
- Functionalist: Education is a key component of society
- functionalist: 5 manifest and 3 latent functions of education
- Functionalist, Conflict, symbolic interaction: Sociological Perspectives on Education
- general equivalent diploma: GED
- hard work, ability: reason for girls success, reason for boys success
- Hidden curriculum: the transmission of certain cultural values and attitudes, like obedience to authority figures, through implied demands found in rules, routines, and regulations (conflict)
- Hispanic/Latino: Highest dropout rate among ________ students
- Japan: unified, centralized, conformity, obedience, nationalism, high stress/success environment, very little gender equality
- Labeling: testing as resulted in the “labeling” of students; a self-fulfilling prophecy can result (“I only scored a such and such on this test, so I must be dumb”); the opposite can be true as well
- lack of ability, lack of effort: reason for girls/boys failure failure
- lack of interest, personal/family issues, grades, substance abuse: Most common reasons for dropping out
- literate: societies with formal education
- Low academic demands: Educational dysfunction (functionalist)
- preliterate: societies with informal education
- self-fulfilling prophecy: an unsubstantiated belief or prediction that results in behavior that makes the original false belied come true
- Social promotion: promoting a student to the next grade even though they have not passed the academic standards
- socialization, culture transmission, social control, social placement, change and innovation: 5 manifest functions in Functionalist perspective
- Symbolic Interaction: Labeling and the self-fulfilling prophecy
- The Achievement Gap: Differentiation between white and minority student academic achievement increases with every year of school
- Tracking: assigning students at early ages into courses or programs based on test scores, academic “ability”, or behavior; this has a great impact on student academic achievement and career choice (conflict)
- transitional bilingual instruction: TBE
- US: varies greatly from region, state, city, and neighborhood