- Abdicate: give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations
- Bolsheviks: spreaders of communism in Russia
- Borscht: a Russian soup usually containing beet juice as a foundation
- Chernobyl: a city in north central Ukraine; site of a major disaster at a nuclear power plant (16 April 1986)
- Chernozem: the rich black topsoil found in the North European Plain, especially in Russia and Ukraine
- Cossacks: free groups and outlaw armies of peasants who fled the tzar and service nobility
- Cyrillic Alphabet: an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages
- Czars: emperors of Russia with complete and total control of the government
- Eurasia: the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia
- Gulag: a Russian prison camp for political prisoners
- Heavy Industry: industry that produces manufactured goods such as machinery
- Ice Breaker: a ship that can break through ice, to allow ships to pass
- Joseph Stalin: Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
- Karl Marx: founder of modern communism
- Kremlin: citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government
- Lake Baikal: deepest fresh water lake in the world; holds 20% of world's unfrozen fresh water
- Light Industry: production of consumer goods such as food products and household goods
- Murmansk: a port city in northwestern Russia on the Kola Peninsula; the largest city north of the Arctic Circle; an important supply line to Russia in World War I and World War II
- Orthodox Christianity: religion practiced by most greeks
- Rus: the medieval Russian state established by Scandanavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev
- Serfs: peasants that belong to the land
- Siberia: a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters
- Slavs: a single people in central Europe who divided into 3 major groups: western, southern, and eastern
- Smelters: ore processing factories
- Soviets: the government of the Soviet Union
- Steppes: grassy plains, found south of the taiga in Russia,Ukraine, and parts of Eastern Europe.
- Taiga: a forest of evergreen trees growing south of the tundra in Russia
- Trans-Siberian Railroad: a railroad running from Murmansk to Vladivostak
- Ural Mountains: a mountain range in western Russia extending from the arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia
- Vladimir Lenin: Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
- Vladivostak: a big city at the end of the Trans-Siberian Railroad.
- Volga River: the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea