- Balanced Budget-Budget Surplus: The federal government receives more in tax and other revenues than it spends
- Budget Deficit: More expenses than income (revenue).
- Capital-Gains Tax: The tax that people pay on gains in capital investments (property, stocks, etc...)
- Deficit Spending: The government spends more than it gets from taxes
- Demand-Side Economics: When the economy is sluggish, the government can increase its spending, thus placing more money in consumers' hands
- Deregulation: The rescinding of regulations already in force for the purpose of improving efficiency
- Economic Depression: An exceptionally steep and sustained downturn in the economy
- Economic Recession: A less severe economic downturn than a depression
- Efficiency: The relationship of inputs to outputs
- Equity: ______ occurs when an economic transaction is fair to each party. It is judged by outcomes
- Externalities: External economic costs
- Graduated Personal Income Tax: The tax rate goes up substantially as income rises
- Inflation: An increase in the average level of prices of goods and services
- Laissez-Faire Doctrine: The ______ doctrine holds that private individuals and firms should be left alone to make their own production and distribution decisions
- Monetary: ______ policy is based on manipulation of the amount of money in circulation
- National Debt: The total cumulative amount that the U.S. government owes to creditors
- Public Policy Process: The political interactions that lead to the emergence and resolution of public policy issues
- Supply-Side Economics: ______ emphasizes the business (supply) component of the supply-demand equation