- ABA: seed dormancy, drought stress
- apomixis: asexual reproduction without fertilized
- apoplast: through the cells walls
- aquaporins: proteins that transport water
- auxin: plant elongation, root formation, herbicide
- bassinosteroids: retard leaf absicssion and promote xylem differentiation
- bulk flow: movement of a fluid driven by pressure
- casparian strip: belt made of suberin impervious to water and minerals cannot cross
- collenchyma cells: support young parts of the plant shoot celery stalk
- cork cambrium: tough think covering for stems and roots replace epidermis
- cotransport: transport protein couples the downhill passage of one solute and the uphill passage of another
- cytokinins: cell division and differentiation apical dominance
- endodermis: innermost layer of the cortex
- epicotyl: becomes the shoot tip
- ethylene: triple response, apoptosis, leaf abscission, fruit ripening
- expansins: break the corss-links between celllose microfbrils
- fibers: long, slender and tapered flax
- fragmentation: seperation of a parent plant into parts that re-form the whole
- fusiform initials: tpaered and elongated axis of the stem new vascular tissue
- humus: residue of partially decayed organic material
- hypocotyl: becomes radicle or embryonic root
- lenticels: trunk exchange gases with outside
- loams: equal sand silt and clay best fertile soil
- morphogenesis: development of the body form and the organization
- parenchyma cells: primary walls thin and flexible no secondary walls most metabolic functions"typical" cells least specialized
- pericarp: thickened wall of fruit
- pericycle: outermost layer of the stele sprout lateral roots
- periderm: layers of cork plus the cork cambrium
- petiole: joins leaf to a node of the stem
- phytoremediation: nondestructive technology use plants to take metals out of the soil
- protoplast: cell contents not cell wall
- quiescent center: cells that divide much more slowly than the other meristemic cells
- ray initials: xylem rays and phloems rays let in minerals and water
- scion: twig grafted onto the stock is referred to
- sclerenchyma cells: secondary cell support dead "skeleton"
- sclerids: hardness to nutshells and sead coats part of sclerenchyma
- scutellum: special cotyledon "small shield"
- stele: procambrium gives rise to this roots is a central cylinder
- stock: plant that rpovides the root system
- symplast: through the plasmodesmata
- tonoplast: membrane that bounds the vacuole
- vascular cambrium: secondary xylem and secondary phloem
- vegetative reproduction: clone themselves by asexual reproduction
- xerophytes: plants adapted to arid climates