Quizlet anatomy

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  1. albumin: most abundant plasma protein, 60% of the total protein, made by the liver, plays an important role in osmotic balance, contributes to the viscosity of blood, transportation of lipids/hormones/calcium..., and helps to maintain pH
  2. Alpha globulin, Beta globulin, Gamma globulin: 3 types of globulin
  3. alveoli: air sacs at the end of the bronchiole
  4. anemia: a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
  5. aneurism: a cardiovascular disease characterized by a sac-like widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall
  6. aplastic anemia: severe form of anemia that develops as a consquences of loss of functioning red bone marrow.
  7. apnea: transient cessation of respiration
  8. arteries: are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
  9. arterioles: small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
  10. arteriosclerosis: thickening; loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening ) or arterial walls
  11. asthma: respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing
  12. atherosclerosis: The disease process in which the body's vessles become increasingly occluded by plaques. The plaques narrow the arteries and can contribute to hypertensive heart disease
  13. atrioventricular node: located in the right atrium made of conductile cells through which the electrical impulse of the heart will travel
  14. autoimmune disorder: any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
  15. b lymphocytes: mature in the bone marrow and fight pathogens through humoral response in which they produce anitbodies
  16. Blood Plasma: Matrix of blood
  17. bradycardia: abnormally slow heart rate (<60 beats/minute)
  18. bronchi: two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.
  19. bronchitis: inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
  20. bundle of His: a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
  21. capillaries: the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm. They connect arterioles and venules, and they are the blood vessels that most closely interact with tissues.
  22. coronary thrombosis: blood clot completely blocking a coronary artery, causes a heart attack
  23. cystic fibrosis: the most common congenital disease
  24. D. 5-9 days LS. 100-120 days: erythrocytes duration of development and life span?
  25. diastolic: indicating the arterial pressure during the interval between heartbeats
  26. embolus: the obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus somewhere else in the body and traveled to the point of obstruction.
  27. emphysema: an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function
  28. endocardium: the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves
  29. epistaxis: bleeding from the nose
  30. erythrocytes: red blood cells, or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present in our blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood, as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million/mm³
  31. erythropoietin: a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells
  32. eupnea: normal relaxed breathing
  33. fibrinogen: A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation, and is triggered by thrombin.
  34. Globulin, albumin, fibrinogen: 3 types of plasma protein
  35. heimlich maneuver: an emergency procedure to help someone who is choking because food is lodged in the trachea
  36. Hematocrit: The percentage of the blood volume that consists of erythrocytes.
  37. Hematopoiesis: also hemopoiesis, this is the process of formation and development of the various types of blood cells and other formed elements in the plasma
  38. hemoglobin: iron containing substance that is found in the red blood cells and allows the cells to pick up oxygen. An oxygen carrying protein.
  39. hemorrhagic anemia: anemia resulting directly from loss of blood.
  40. hepatic portal system: collects blood from the digestive organs and delivers blood to the liver for processing and storing
  41. hyaline membrane disease: an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn)
  42. hyperpnea: energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders
  43. lacteals: specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
  44. laryngitis: inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx
  45. laryngopharynx: lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and esophogus
  46. larynx: voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
  47. leukemia: A disorder of the lymphoid tissue characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBCs accompanied by a reduction in the number of RBCs and platelets.
  48. leukocytes: are the only formed elements that are complex cells. protects the body from infectious micro organisms.
  49. leukopenia: an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
  50. lung cancer: a lung disease in which cells in the lungs grow out of control
  51. lungs: two spungy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration
  52. lymph nodes: Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation
  53. lymphatic system: This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels, and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes "policing of body fluids and lymphocyte multiplication. It is a one-way system that carries lymph only towards the heart.
  54. Male: 47% +/-5 %, Female: 42% +/-5, New Born 42% & 68%, leukocytes & platelets, plasma, blood avg.: Hematocrit Values Male, Female, Newborn, Leukocytes & Platelets, Plasma, Blood Avg.
  55. megakaryocyte: a large cell in the bone marrow that has an irregularly-shaped, multi-lobed nucleus, and that produces platelets
  56. metarterioles: short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries, they contain precapillary sphincters
  57. myocardial infarction: destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle. also know as hear attack
  58. myocardium: layer of tissue of the heart that is composed of cardiac muscle, the thickest layer, and performs the work of the heart
  59. nasal cavity: the cavity behind the nose and above the roof of the mouth that filters air and moves mucous and ihaled contaminants outward and away form the lungs.
  60. nasopharynx: cavity forming the upper part of the pharynx
  61. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx: 3 anatomical regions of the pharynx
  62. nose: the only externally visible part of the respiratory system. it provides and airway for respiration, moisten and warms entering air, filters inhaled air to cleanse it of foreign particles, serves as a resonating chamber for speech, and houses the olfactory receptors.
  63. nose, nasal cavity, maranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and smaller branches, and lungs which contains alveoli: Organs of respiratory system
  64. oropharynx: an anatomical division of the pharynx that is behind the oral cavity extending from the soft palate to the epiglottis overlying the larynx
  65. P wave: in an ECG corresponds to depolarization of the atrial fibers (leads to contraction
  66. paranasal sinuses: located in the sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, and frontal bones they surround the nasal cavity and make the skull lighter; they also serve as resonance chambers for speech
  67. parietal pericardium: the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum
  68. pericardium: a triple-layered sac that encloses the heart
  69. pharynx: the passage to the stomach and lungs
  70. plaque: A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall
  71. pneumonia: respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
  72. pneumothorax: abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung
  73. polycythemia: a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
  74. Purkinje fibers: extend from branches of A-V bundle, stimulate muscle fibers in the ventricular walls
  75. QRS complex: in ECG corresponding to depolarization of ventrical membranes, much stronger!!
  76. respiratory membrane: aka air-blood barrier, the fusing of the alveolar and capillary walls and the fused basal laminas. Gas exchange occurs across this membrane. Oxygen passes from the alveolar air to the capillary blood and carbon dioxide leaving the capillary blood enter the alveolar air.
  77. SIDS: sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
  78. sinoatrial node: the heart's pacemaker, located in the wall of the right atrium
  79. spleen: The body's largest lymphatic organ which consists of two compartments. One is filled with red pulp (full of RBC that can be released if necessary) and one with white pulp (full of lymphocytes and macrophages)
  80. systolic: characterized by the contration of the heart in which the blood is forced onward and the circulation is kept up
  81. T lymphocytes: mature in the thymus gland and fight pathogens by cell-mediated response. stimulated by cells that bave been infected. two main types:cytotoxic and helper
  82. T wave: in ECG last wave of cardiac cycle corresponding to repolarization
  83. tachycardia: abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
  84. thrombus: a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin
  85. thymus gland: a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity
  86. trachea: membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
  87. varicose veins: Swollen, distended, and knotted veins which usually occur in the lower leg(s). The result from a stagnated or sluggish flow of blood in combination with defective valves and weakened walls of the veins
  88. veins: the blood vessels that conduct blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
  89. venules: small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
  90. visceral pericardium/epicardium: the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium