- Anterior: toward the head
- Caudal: toward the tail end
- Deep: some distance below the surface
- Dermal: relating to the skin
- Dorsal: toward the back
- Horizontal: plane separating dorsal and ventral
- Lateral: toward the sides
- Longitudinal: lengthwise
- Median: near the middle
- Pectoral: relating to the chest and shoulder region
- Pelvic: relating to the hip region
- Posterior: toward the hind end
- Proximal: near to the point of reference
- Sagittal: midplane which bisects the left and right sides
- Superficial: on or near the surface
- Transverse: plane separating anterior and posterior
- Ventral: toward the belly