- Aegean Sea: Protected Greece from invaders
- Aesop: Wrote fable. Tales of morality.
- Alexander the Great: Made Greece the world's biggest empire so far
- Areopagus: A place of thinking and learning
- Aristotle: Greek philosohper. Still influences Western thought
- Athena: Protector of Athens
- Athens: Democracy and culture flourished in this city beaten by Sparta
- City states: Each city was independent and a country
- Epicurean: Eat, drink and be merry
- Euclid: Developped standard geometry
- Hera: Wife of Zeus
- Herodotus: Greek historian
- Hippocrates: Doctor. Oath named after him
- Homer: A poet who "invented" the Greek gods
- Minoans: Lived on Crete.
- Peloponnesian War: Athens and allies versus Sparta and allies
- Philip II: Alexander's father. Conquered Greece
- Posseidon: god of the sea
- Pythagoras: A squared plus B squared equals C squared
- Socrates: Greek philosopher. Drank hemlock
- Sophocles: Playwright. Wrote Antigone and Oedipus Rex
- Sparta: A harsh life helped the common good in this town
- Stoicism: Living the hard life is the good life
- Trojan War: Helen stolen from Sparta caused this conflict
- Zeus: Chief Greek god
- acropolis: meeting place
- aristocracy: Rule by a hereditary elite
- democracy: Rule by each person being able to vote
- direct democracy: Each voter votes on each issue
- koine Greek: Common Greek. Greek of the Bible
- monarchy: Rule by the king
- oligarchy: Rule by the best, an elite
- pedagogue: A slave who taught the children
- representative democracy: People are picked to represent the voters on key issues
- tyranny: Rule by a tyrant, a dictator