- Anthropoid Primate: one of a subgroup of primates that includes monkeys and apes
- Australopithecines: early hominid from the genus Australopithecus
- Bipedalism: the ability to walk primarilyon two legs
- Dental Formula: number and arrangement of teeth
- Great Ape: a gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, or chimpanzee
- Hominids: a group that comprimises humans and their immediate ancestors
- Lucy: unofficial female Australopithecus fossil
- Multiregional Hypothesis: suggests regional differences in phenotype have been developing for well over a million years
- Opposable Thumb: a thumb that can be positioned opposite the other fingers
- Paleoanthropologists: scientists who study fossil evidence of human evolution
- Pelvis: hipbone; can indicate whether an organism walked upright
- Prehensile: grasping, as in a primate's hand, foot, tail
- Primate: a member of the order Primates, the mammalian order that includes humans
- Prosimian Primate: a suborder of modern primates that includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers
- Quadrupedal: organisms that walk on four limbs
- Recent-African-Origin Hypothesis: states that Homo sapiens originated in Africa only about 100,000 to 200,000 years ago and then, like Homo erectus before them, left Africa