- 2: optimum pH of pepsin
- 7: optimum pH of pancreatic lipase
- 7: optimum pH of salivary amylase
- absorption: taking up absorbed food from gut into the blood stream and lymphatic system
- assimilation: use by the body of absorbed substances to release energy or build new cells
- carbohydrases: general name for enzymes that work on carbohydrates
- chyme: mixture of food and gastric juices
- digestion: breaking large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules
- enzymes: higly specific biological catalysts that work at body temperature to speed up digestion of substances; always proteins; highly specific
- fatty acids and glycerol: products of pancreatic lipase
- gall bladder: stores bile between meals
- gastric glands: source of pepsin
- lacteal: purpose in villi: removal of end products of fat digestion and fat soluble vitamins; connects to lymphatic system
- large intestine: consists of colon (where water and mineral salts are absorbed) and rectum (where faeces is stored and compacted)
- lipases: general name for enzymes that work on lipids
- lipids: substrate of pancreatic lipase
- liver: produces bile, stores glucose in the form of glycogen
- maltose: product of salivary amylase
- mouth: where food is digested mechanically by teeth, tongue and jaw, and digested mechnically by salivary amylase working on starch
- oesophagus: carries food from stomach to mouth by peristalsis in a small ball called a bolus
- pancreas: source of pancreatic lipase
- pancreas: produces carbohydrases, lipases, proteases and nucleases
- pancreatic lipase: name of one lipase
- pepsin: name of one protease
- peristalsis: muscular contraction of rings of muscles surrounding the gullet; moves food along alimentary canal
- polypeptides: product of pepsin
- proteases: general name for enzymes that work on proteins
- protein: subtrate of pepsin
- salivary amylase: name of one amylase
- salivary glands: site of production of salivary amylase
- small intestine: major absorption and digestion region; contains carbohydrases, lipases, proteases and nucleases from pancrease; high pH to neutralise acidity of chyme; covered in villi
- starch: substrate of salivary amylase
- stomach: site of mechanical and chemical digestion; where pepsin is produced and breaks down proteins; hydrochloric acid provides optimum pH for pepsin (2-3) and kills microbes; regular peristaltic movement