Quizlet Psychology Ch. 9: Memory

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  1. acoustic encoding: encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
  2. amnesia: loss of memory
  3. automatic processing: unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequence
  4. chunking: organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
  5. deja vu: that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before"
  6. echoic memory: momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; sounds can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
  7. effortful processing: encoding that requires attention conscious effort
  8. encoding: processing of information into the memory system- for example, extracting meaning
  9. explicit memory: memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
  10. flashbulb memory: clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
  11. hippocampus: neural center that is located in limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
  12. iconic memory: momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
  13. imagery: mental pictures; powerful aid to effortful processing
  14. implicit memory: retention independent of conscious recollection
  15. long-term memory: relatively permanant and limitedless storehouse of the memory system
  16. long-term potentiation (LTP): increase in synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
  17. memory: persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
  18. misinformation effect: incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
  19. mnemonics: memory aids; like vivid imagery
  20. mood-congruent memory: tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
  21. priming: activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
  22. proactive interference: disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
  23. recall: measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier
  24. recognition: measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned
  25. rehearsal: conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
  26. relearning: memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
  27. repression: in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
  28. retrieval: process of getting information out of memory storage
  29. retroactive interference: disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
  30. semantic encoding: encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
  31. sensory memory: the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
  32. serial position effect: our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
  33. short-term memory: activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing
  34. source amnesia: attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined
  35. spacing effect: tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
  36. storage: retention of encoded information over time
  37. visual encoding: encoding of picture images
  38. working memory: newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incomine auditory and visual-spatial information