- 1: MONO
- 10: Deca
- 2: di
- 3: tri
- 3 things that Ionic Bonds cause: Hardness, High Melting and Boiling points
- 4: tetra
- 5: penta
- 6: hexa
- 7: hepta
- 8: octa
- 9: nona
- All common Polyatomic Ions: negative Charge:-1,-2,-3
- Ammonium: the only Polyatomic Ion with Positive charge, NH4+
- Anion: ion with negative charge
- C,O,N,S: will form multiple bonds
- Cation: ion with positive charge
- Chemical Bond: forces that hold atoms together in a molecule
- Chemical Reactions (Bonding): Atoms combine to form compounds/compounds decompose into atoms
- Chromium: Becomes Cr2+ (Chromium II) and Cr3+ (Chromium III)
- Compounds: Made up of more than 1 type of atom.
- Compounds (still pure substance): Because of constant grouping of atoms and they are electrically nutral
- Compounds are Neutral: the sum of ionic charges in formula must ALWAYS BE ZERO
- Compounds with 2 elements: name form: "cation anion"
- Copper: Cu+ Copper(I) and Cu2+ Copper(II)
- Covalent Bond: Sharing e-
- Covalent Substances: Consist of nonmetals and are held together by sharing e-(called molecules)
- Diatomic Bromine: Br2
- Diatomic Chlorine: Cl2
- Diatomic Fluorine: F2
- Diatomic Gases: Covalent elements
- Diatomic Hydrogen: H2
- Diatomic Iodine: I2
- Diatomic Nitrogen: N2
- Diatomic Oxygen: O2`
- Double Bonds: share 2 pairs (4e-)
- Electronegativity: The ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons L-poor R-Very High
- Elements Bond: to become more stable like noble Gases
- Exceptions to the naming of P ions: Hydroxide (OH-) and Cyanide (CN-)
- Gold: Au+ Gold(I) and Au3+ Gold(III)
- Hydrogen: is the ONLY ion that holds a + charge
- Ionic bond: Trading e-
- Ionic Chemical Formulas: Indicate # and kinds of ions that make up the ionic compounds
- Ionic Compounds: Consist of metal cations (+) and nonmetal anions (-)
- Ions: atoms that have gained or lost e- and have a charge
- Iron: Fe2+ Iron(II) and Fe3+ Iron(III)
- Lead: Pb2+ Lead(II) and Pb4+ Lead(IV)
- Most Common Polyatomic Ions: End in -ate
- Naming Covalent Bonds: First nonmetal named by elemental name Second nonmetal named by ending- ide
- Noble Gases: Dont form compounds B/C the outer shell is full (=stability)
- Octet Rule: atoms adjust their valence e- to gain noble gas stablity
- PIs with One less oxygen atom: end in -ite
- Polyatomic Ions: A group of atoms with an electric charge, most consist of nonmetal bonded to O atoms
- Rule for writing Ions: Metal cation always comes before nonmetal anions
- Stable Octet: Noble Gases
- Strong electrical attractions between opposite charges: Ionic bonds
- the name of the metal ion: is the same as its element name
- the name of the nonmetal ion: is obtained by replacing the end with -ide
- The one receives e-: becomes negative
- The one that gives e-: becomes positive
- Tin: Sn2+ Tin(II) and Sn4+ Tin(IV)
- Trading or Sharing e-: Done to form Compounds with 8 Valence e-
- Transition Metals: form 2 or more kinds of + ions b\c they lose both valence e- and lower e- name includes charge
- Triple Bonds: Share 3 pairs(6e-)