Quizlet geo final 2

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  1. amazon river: the second longest river in the world and one of its three major river systems, running about 4,000 miles from west to east and emptying into the atlantic ocean
  2. andes mountains: south american continent are part of a chain of mountain ranges.
  3. anti-semitism: discrimination against jewish people
  4. apartheid: a policy a complete seperation ofthe races, instituted by the white minority government of south africa.
  5. aqueducts: structures that carried water for long distance and muslim mosques, places of worship
  6. aquifers: stores ground water
  7. Ashanti: people who live in what is now called Ghana, in west africa, and who are known fro their artful weaving and colorful asasia, or kente cloth.
  8. balkanization: the process of a region breaking up into small, mutually hostile units
  9. bantu migration: the movement of the bantu peoples southward throghout africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000
  10. basin: depressions
  11. Berlin conference: a conference of 14 european nations held in 1884-1885 in berlin, germany, to establish rules for political control of africa
  12. Berlin wall: a wall erected by east Geramany in 1961 to cut the capital of berlin in 2, and later dismantled in 1989
  13. calypso: music began in trindad
  14. canopy: uppermost layer of branches about 150 feet above the ground
  15. capoeira: martial are and dacne that developed in brazil from african origins
  16. carnival: the most colorful feast dsy in brazil
  17. carthage: one of the great empires of ancient africa, situated on a triangular peninsula on the gulf of tunis on the coast of the mediterranean sea.
  18. cash crops: a crop grown for direct fale and not for use in a region
  19. cerrado: savannaa with flat terrain with moderate rainfall that make them suitable for farming
  20. chernozem: black earth
  21. city-state: a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands.
  22. continentality: regions distance from the moderating influence of the sea
  23. crusades: a series of wars to take palestine form the muslims
  24. cultural crossroads: place where various cultures cross paths.
  25. cultural health: place from which important ideas spread
  26. desertification: an expansion of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to the deserts
  27. dikes: earthen banks
  28. escarpment: steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top.
  29. fang sculpture: carved boxes containing the skulls and bones of deceased ancestors, created by the fang, who live in gabon,southern cameroon, and equatorial Guinea.
  30. fjords: steep u-shped valleys that connect to the sea and that filled with seawater after glaciers melted.
  31. folk art: produced by rural people with traditional lifestyles instead of by professional artists.
  32. Goree island: an island off the coast of senegal that served as a major departure point for slaves during the slave trade.
  33. great zimbabwe: a city established in what is how zimbabwe by the shona around 1000, it became the capital of a thriving gold-trading area.
  34. Holocaust: the Nazi program of mass murder of european jews during world war 2
  35. ijsselmeer: salt lake river but then turned into a fresh lake
  36. inca: descendants of people who came across a land bridge form siberia to alaska and eventually crossed the isthmus of panama into south america
  37. informal economy: takes place out side official channels, without benefits or protection for workers
  38. infrastructure: the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communication, transportations, water, sanitation, and education systems
  39. islam: a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of prophet muhammad, and the biggest cultural and religious influence in North africa.
  40. llanos: a large, grassy, treeless are in south america, used fro grazing and farming
  41. maquiladoras: factories in mexico taht assemble imported materials into finsihed products that are then exported.
  42. market economy: industries make the goods consumers want to buy
  43. Masai: 2 ehtnic group in east africa
  44. massif central: one sixth of french lands are located in the uplands
  45. mercosur: economic common market that began in the southern cone of south america in 1996
  46. meseta: mountains of brittany in france, and the central plateau of spain
  47. mestizo: population of mixed spanish and native american heritage
  48. mistral: cold, dry wind from the north
  49. mutapa empire: the muslim empire established by the early 1500s over much of indian, which brought with it new customs that sometimes conflicted with those of native hindus.
  50. NAFTA: the important trade agreement that created a huge zone of cooperation on trade and economic issues
  51. nationalism: the belief that poeple should be loyal to their nation, the people wiht whom they share land , culture, and history
  52. Nelson mandella: one of the leaders of the africian national congress who led a struggle to end apartheid and was elected 4 president in 1994 in the first all-race election in south africa.
  53. nile river: longest river in the world, and flows more then 4,000 miles through uganda, sudan and into egypt
  54. Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, iceland, Norway, and Sweden
  55. orinocco river: a river mainly in venezuela and part of south americas northernmost river system.
  56. pampas: areas of grasslands and rich soil. found in uraguy and argentina
  57. panama canal: a ship canal cut through panama connecting the caribbean sea with the pacific ocean
  58. pandemic: an uncontrollable outbreak of a disease affecting a large population over a wide geographic area
  59. parana river: a river in central south america and one of its three major ribver systems, originating in the highlands of southern brazil traveling about 3,000 miles south and west.
  60. parliament: representative law making body whose members are elected or appointed.
  61. peat: partially decayed plant matter found in bogs
  62. polder: land that is reclaimed by diking and draining
  63. PRI: it helped influence democracy and maintain political stability for much of the 20th centurey
  64. pull factors: a factor that draws or attracts people to another location
  65. push factors: a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region
  66. quechua: language of the inca
  67. rai: is a kind of music developed in the 1920s by poor urban children.
  68. rain forest: are dense forest made up of differernt species of trees
  69. reformation: a period when many christians broke away from the catholic church and started protestant to fight religoius wars that tore europe apart.
  70. reggae: music developed in jamaica
  71. renaissance: in the italian city-states and was a time of renwed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th centure to the 16h
  72. republic: a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name.
  73. rift valleys: long, thin valleys
  74. runoff: rainfall not absorbed by soil that runs into streams and rivers.
  75. samba: a brazilain dance with african influences
  76. satellite nations: nations dominated by another country
  77. seaworks: structures that are used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life
  78. serengeti plain: in the northern Tanzani. dry climate and hard soil prevent the growth of trees but perfect for growing grass.
  79. silicon glen: section of scotland between glasgow and edinburgh
  80. silt: sediment on farmland
  81. sirocco: hot, steady south wind that blows from north africa across the mediterranean sea into southern europe
  82. slash and burn: a way of clearing fields for planting by cutting trees, brush, and grasses and burning them.
  83. spanish conquest: the rich fabric of native life in mexico was torn apart
  84. stateless society: is one in which people rely on family lineages to govern themselves, rather than an elected government ro monarch.
  85. taiga: nearly continuous belt of evergreen conferous forests across the northern hemisphere, in the north america and eurasia
  86. tenochtitlan: the site today of mexico city
  87. terpen: dikes and high earthen platforms
  88. terraced farming: an ancient technique fro growing crops on hillsides or mountain slopes, using step-like horizontal fields cut into the slopes
  89. treaty of tordesillas: important role in the colonizatino of south america by spain and portugal
  90. uplands: hill or very low mountains that my also contain ancient mountain ranges
  91. zuider zee: an arm of the north sea and now ia fresh water lake