Quizlet Chapter 23 EXAM REVIEW

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  1. 1798: jenner developed the 1st vaccine by injecting a small boy w/ pus from cowpox to protect him vs. smallpox
  2. 1860: Pasteur developed rabies vaccine
  3. acquired: resistance developed after birth; passive & active
  4. active: antibodies made by the body in response to antigens, more permanent immunity a) natural- antibodies made after infection/disease b) artificial- antibodies made after vaccine of dead/weak antigens are injected
  5. allergens cause-: constriction of breathing from blocked airways, death
  6. allergic reactions: caused by hypersensitivity (hyperactive immnue response)
  7. antibodies location: serum and lymph and on surfaces of B cells
  8. antibody mediated: antibody proteins bind to antigens causing clumping and then macrophages destroy the antigens
  9. autoimmunity: antibody or T cells bind to "self" cells due to gene susceptability & environment ex. rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, some cancers
  10. B cells: mature in bone marrow & make antibodies w/ protein markers to bind to antigens with the best fit; the plasma cells and memory cells are made
  11. bacteria shapes: cocci (round), bacilli (rod), sprilli (spiral) named by prefix: diplo(2), staphylo(cluster), strepto(chain)
  12. bacterial diseases: cholera, bubonic plague, lyme disease, gonorrhea, syphilis, strep throat, salmonella, tetanus : reproduce by binary fission of the prokaryote
  13. cell-mediated: phagocytic cells (e.g macrophages) surround and destroy ANY foreign matter that causes inflammation
  14. ciliates: cilia ex. paramecium
  15. complement system: can be activated when antibodies bind to antigens, series of serum proteins
  16. cyclosporin: drug used to suppress immune system (taken for life after transplant)
  17. defenses against disease: nonspecific and specific
  18. flagellates: flagella ex. euglena
  19. helper T cells: interact w/ B cells to make antibodies
  20. HLA(human leukocyte antigens): self proteins that T cells recognize & so they dont react to this = tolerance
  21. immune system suppressors: stress, drugs, HIV
  22. immunity: resistance to infection (invasion by a virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan)
  23. inborn: resistance to non-human diseases (ex. TMV) before birth
  24. inflammation: response to tissue damage which causes redness, swelling & warmth at the site due to increase in cells + fluid
  25. killer T cells: kill antigens for cell-mediated, also kill tumor cells
  26. nonspecific: structural & cell mediated
  27. passive: antibodies put in and not in response to antigen, temporary immunity a) natural- from mother to baby through placenta & breast milk b)artifical- injections
  28. pathogen: disease causing microbe
  29. poison ivy reaction: chem. alters HLA and T cells attack own "foreign" cells causing inflammation, rash, blisters from release of histamine
  30. primary immune response: an exposure causes rapid division of plasma cells into antibodies, takes 7-14 days for max. amt. of antibodies to be made, many of the stim. B cells become memory cells
  31. prion: infectious protein in the brain of a CJD patient
  32. protozoan diseases: amoiebic dysentery, African Sleeping Sickness, malaria: caused by 1 celled eukaryotes classified by types of movement
  33. sarcodines: pseudopodia ex. amoeba
  34. secondary immune response: after re-exposure to same antigen memory cells make antibodies in 2-6 days
  35. specific: antibody mediated
  36. specific immunity vs. pathogens: lymphocytes(WBC produced in bone marrow, travel in blood & lymph systems) and collect in lymph organs(nodes, tonsils, spleen) 2 types; B & T lymphocytes
  37. sporozoans: no means, parasites ex. plasmodium (malaria), trypanosome(African Sleeping Sickness)
  38. structural: skin, bacteriostats(fluids), cilia, mucus membrane
  39. suppressor T cells: interact w/ B cells to stop antibody production when enough are made
  40. T cells: mature in the thymus & divided into 3 types
  41. types of immunity: inborn and acquired
  42. vaccine: dead/weakened microbes which induce specific immunity vs. the antigen ex. polio, MMR, OPT, flu, HiB, Hep. B
  43. viral diseases: colds, flu, hepatitis, measles, polio, mono, HIV, are caused by the virus reproducing only INSIDE cells (lytic cycle)