- 3 domains: Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
- 5 Kingdoms: Plants, Fungi, Monerans, Protist, Animal
- algae: plant-like protist
- biomass: billions of kilograms of organic matter
- clade: branch of a cladogram, shows derived characteristics
- contractile vacuole: controls water in an organism
- convergent evolution: explains how 2 species evolve similarly, yet there is no common ancestr
- detritus: waste and dead matter
- energy pyramid: levels of energy loss
- food vacuole: digests food
- gene flow: exchange of genes between populations
- gibberellins: makes stem grow and produce fruit
- hyphae: make up mycelia, expands underground, gets food
- introduced species: invasive species
- lichen: algae + fungi
- meristem: grows new plant tissues
- molecular evidence: proves similar ancestry
- mycorrhizae: fungi hyphae and plant roots
- photic zone: sunlight is available for underwater creaters for photosynthesis
- prokaryote: lacks nuclei
- protozoa: animal-like protist
- pseudopods: "false foot", extension of the cytoplasm and cell membrane
- pyramid of numbers: number of organisms in each trophic level
- slime mold: decomposer, protist
- spongia: spore cases