- G1 Phase: phase of he cell cycle in which the cell takes in nutrients, like sugars, that are used for energy and growth, and repair of damaged organelles
- G2 Phase: phase of the cell cycel in which extra organelles and cytoplasm are produced in preparation for cell division
- M phase: the time in the life cycle of a cell that includes cell divisioon
- S Phase: The phase in which DNA is replicated
- anaphase: the third phase of cell division in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and begin to move to opposite poles of the cell
- cell cycle: cycle in which cells gorw and carry out all f the functions required by by living organisms and then divide, forming two identical daughter cells
- cell division: process in which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells
- cell plate: duing mitosis of plant cells a disk that froms between the two nuclei
- centrioles: organelles that aid in the division of genetic material during cell division
- centromere: what each sister chromatid is attached to
- chromatids: the two identical sister chromosomes that attach at the centromere when chromosomes become visible during the early phase of cell division
- crossing over: during meiosis when chromosom segments are broken off and exchanged
- cytokinesis: the division of the cytoplasm and organelles
- daughter cells: two identical cells produced during cell division
- diploid number: the total number of paired chromosomes found in each somatic cell in humans the number is 46
- fertilization: the union of male and female gametes to form a zygote
- gamete: a sperm or egg cell
- haploid number: number of chromosomes found in a cell cell---- 1/2 he number found in a body cell
- homologous chromosomes: paired chromosomes that separate during meiosis
- independent assortment: during meiosis the random separating of homologous pairs of chromosomes
- interphase: the period of cell growth and preparation for cell division, subdivided into three phases G1, S1 and G2
- meiosis: process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid
- metaphase: the second phase of mitosis in which the nuclearmembrane has completely brokend down and the chromosomes have lined up along the middle of the cell
- mitosis: the process of cell division by which the nucleus divides, typically consisting of 4 phases which results in the formation of 2 identical daughter cells
- prophase: the first phase of mitosis, when the chromatin condnses to from the chromosomes
- somatic cell: body cell
- spindle: fibers that organize themselves around the centrioles and attach themselves to the centromeres during mitosis
- synapsis: in meiosis the pairing up of homologous chromosomes
- telophase: the fourth phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell and begin to unravel
- zygote: cell formed by the union of two gametes