Quizlet Mr R Biology Lesson4

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  1. G1 Phase: phase of he cell cycle in which the cell takes in nutrients, like sugars, that are used for energy and growth, and repair of damaged organelles
  2. G2 Phase: phase of the cell cycel in which extra organelles and cytoplasm are produced in preparation for cell division
  3. M phase: the time in the life cycle of a cell that includes cell divisioon
  4. S Phase: The phase in which DNA is replicated
  5. anaphase: the third phase of cell division in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and begin to move to opposite poles of the cell
  6. cell cycle: cycle in which cells gorw and carry out all f the functions required by by living organisms and then divide, forming two identical daughter cells
  7. cell division: process in which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells
  8. cell plate: duing mitosis of plant cells a disk that froms between the two nuclei
  9. centrioles: organelles that aid in the division of genetic material during cell division
  10. centromere: what each sister chromatid is attached to
  11. chromatids: the two identical sister chromosomes that attach at the centromere when chromosomes become visible during the early phase of cell division
  12. crossing over: during meiosis when chromosom segments are broken off and exchanged
  13. cytokinesis: the division of the cytoplasm and organelles
  14. daughter cells: two identical cells produced during cell division
  15. diploid number: the total number of paired chromosomes found in each somatic cell in humans the number is 46
  16. fertilization: the union of male and female gametes to form a zygote
  17. gamete: a sperm or egg cell
  18. haploid number: number of chromosomes found in a cell cell---- 1/2 he number found in a body cell
  19. homologous chromosomes: paired chromosomes that separate during meiosis
  20. independent assortment: during meiosis the random separating of homologous pairs of chromosomes
  21. interphase: the period of cell growth and preparation for cell division, subdivided into three phases G1, S1 and G2
  22. meiosis: process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid
  23. metaphase: the second phase of mitosis in which the nuclearmembrane has completely brokend down and the chromosomes have lined up along the middle of the cell
  24. mitosis: the process of cell division by which the nucleus divides, typically consisting of 4 phases which results in the formation of 2 identical daughter cells
  25. prophase: the first phase of mitosis, when the chromatin condnses to from the chromosomes
  26. somatic cell: body cell
  27. spindle: fibers that organize themselves around the centrioles and attach themselves to the centromeres during mitosis
  28. synapsis: in meiosis the pairing up of homologous chromosomes
  29. telophase: the fourth phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell and begin to unravel
  30. zygote: cell formed by the union of two gametes