Print › N, o and P

n nadir: lowest point; point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite the zenith
n nascent: incipient; coming into being or existence; Ex. nascent ability in music
n natty: neatly or smartly dressed; dapper; smart; Ex. natty dresser
n navigable: (of a body of water) wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through; (of a ship or aircraft) able to be steered
n nebulous: vague; hazy; cloudy; of a nebula; Ex. nebulous proposal
n necromancy: black magic; sorcery; dealings with the dead; art that professes to communicate with the spirits of the dead so as to predict the future; CF. necromancer; CF. necro+divination; CF. necro-: death; Ex. necropolis
n nefarious: very wicked
n neologism: new or newly coined word or phrase
n neophyte: recent convert; new member of a religious group; beginner; CF. plant
n nepotism: favoritism (to a relative); CF. nephew
n nether: lower; Ex. nether garments/regions
n nettle: irritate; annoy; vex; ADJ. nettlesome
n nexus: connection
n nib: beak(bill); pen point
n nicety: precision; accuracy; minute distinction or difference; Ex. to a nicety: exactly; precisely; Ex. distinguish between niceties
n niggardly: meanly stingy; parsimonious; N. niggard: stingy person
n niggle: spend too much time on minor points (esp. when finding fault); find fault; Ex. niggle over details; ADJ. niggling
n nihilist: one who considers traditional beliefs to be groundless and existence meaningless; absolute skeptic; revolutionary terrorist; CF. nihilism: belief that nothing has meaning or value; belief that destruction of existing political or social institutions is necessary for future improvement
n nip: snip off; stop something's growth or development; bite; make numb with cold; Ex. nip the plan; Ex. A guard dog nipped the postman; Ex. fingers nipped by the extreme chill
n nirvana: in Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses himself in the attainment of an impersonal beatitude
n noisome: foul smelling; very unpleasant; unwholesome
n nonchalance: indifference; lack of concern; composure; ADJ. nonchalant: unconcerned; cool; indifferent; Ex. nonchalant attitude to his debts
n nondescript: undistinctive; ordinary; ordinary-looking; Ex. nondescript fellow in a crowd
n nonplus: put at a loss; bring to a halt by confusion; perplex; CF. no more
n nostrum: questionable medicine; quack medicine; CF. our (remedy)
n novelty: something new; newness; ADJ. novel: new; original
n nuance: shade of slight difference in meaning or color; subtle distinction
n nubile: marriageable; of marriageable age; CF. connubial
n nugatory: worthless; futile
n numismatist: person who collects coins; N. numismatics: study or collection of money, coins, and medals
n nuptial: related to marriage or the wedding ceremony; N. nuptials: wedding ceremony
n nurture: nourish; feed; educate; rear; care for while it is growing or developing; foster; cultivate; N: something that nourishes; rearing
n nutrient: nourishing substance; ADJ: providing nourishment
n oaf: stupid awkward person; CF. elf
n obfuscate: confuse; muddle; cause confusion; make needlessly complex; make so confused as to be difficult to understand
n obituary: death notice (esp. in a newspaper); ADJ.
n oblivious: inattentive or unmindful; unaware; wholly absorbed; forgetful(having the habit of forgetting)
n obnoxious: offensive; disagreeable; Ex. obnoxious smell
n obtrude: push (oneself or one's ideas) forward or intrude; impose (oneself or one's ideas) on others; butt in; stick out or extrude; thrust out; Ex. obtrude A on B; ADJ. obtrusive; N. obtrusion; CF. unobtrusive
n occlude: shut; close; obstruct; Ex. A blood clot occluded an artery.
n odious: arousing strong dislike; hateful(causing hatred); vile
n odium: detestation; quality of being odious; hatefulness; disrepute (resulting from hateful conduct)
n odoriferous: giving off an odor
n odyssey: long, eventful, adventurous journey
n officious: meddlesome; excessively pushy in offering one's services; overly eager in offering unwanted services or advices; Ex. officious bellboy
n ogle: look at amorously; make eyes at; Ex. old men ogling young girls
n olfactory: concerning the sense of smell
n onerous: burdensome
n onomatopoeia: words formed in imitation of natural sounds
n onus: burden; responsibility
n opalescent: iridescent; lustrous; like an opal; N. opalescence
n opprobrium: infamy; disgrace arising from shameful conduct; vilification(slander); scorn; contempt; Ex. opprobrium hurled against him; ADJ. opprobrious: expressing contempt; shameful or infamous
n opus: work (esp. musical composition); Ex. magnum opus: masterpiece; CF. opera
n oracular: of an oracle; prophetic; uttered as if with divine authority; mysterious or ambiguous; hard to understand; N. oracle: wiser person; prophecy made by an oracle
n ordain: decree or command; grant holy orders; predestine; install as a minister, priest, or rabbi; N. ordainment; CF. ordination
n ordination: ceremony conferring holy orders; ceremony of ordaining a priest
n orgy: wild drunken revelry; unrestrained indulgence in an activity; Ex. orgy of shopping
n orifice: mouthlike opening; small opening (esp. to a cavern or passage of the body); CF. mouth
n ornithologist: scientific student of birds; N. ornithology: scientific study of birds
n orthography: correct spelling; CF. ortho-: straight; correct; Ex. orthodontics
n osseous: made of bone; bony
n ossify: change or harden into bone; become hard and unchanging in one's ideas
n ostentatious: showy; trying to attract attention; pretentious; N. ostentation: showy display
n ostracize: banish from a group; exclude from public favor; ban; Ex. His friends ostracized him. N. ostracism
n oust: expel; drive out; force out; N. ouster: ousting
n outskirts: fringes; outer borders (as of a city); Ex. outskirts of Boston
n outstrip: outrun; surpass; outdo
n ovation: enthusiastic applause
n overweening: arrogant; presumptuous
n overwrought: nervous or excited; extremely agitated; hysterical; wrought-up; CF. wrought: made or done
n paean: song of praise or joy; Ex. paeans celebrating the victory
n painstaking: taking pains; showing hard work; taking great care; very careful and through
n palatable: agreeable; pleasing to the taste
n palate: roof of the mouth; sense of the taste
n palatial: of or suitable for a palace; magnificent
n paleontology: study of prehistoric life or fossils; CF. paleo-: ancient or prehistoric; Ex. paleography: study of ancient written documents
n palimpsest: parchment or piece of writing material used for second time after original writing has been erased
n pall: become boring; grow tiresome
n pallet: small poor bed; Ex. straw pallet
n palliate: ease pain (without curing); make less severe or offensive (a crime or illness)
n pallid: pale; wan; Ex. pallid complexion
n palpitate: throb; beat rapidly; flutter; tremble; Ex. Her heart began to palpitate.
n paltry: insignificant; petty; trifling; contemptible; Ex. paltry sum; CF. trash
n pan: criticize harshly
n panache: flair; manner of doing things without any difficulty (causing admiration); flamboyance; bunch of feathers (on a helmet); Ex. with great panache; CF. ÀÜ ¾Æ·¡·Î ÃµÀ» »©³»´Â ¼Ø¾¾
n pander: cater to (the low desires of others)
n panegyric: formal praise; encomium; Ex. I don't deserve such panegyrics.
n parable: short simple story teaching a moral
n parameter: limit; independent variable; Ex. parameters of the problem; Ex. within the parameters of the budget
n parched: extremely dry; very thirsty; V. parch: make or become extremely dry (by exposure to heat)
n pariah: social outcast; Ex. Mariah the pariah
n parlance: language; manner of speaking; idiom; Ex. in legal/common parlance
n parley: conference (between opponents); CF. speak
n parochial: narrow in scope or outlook; provincial; related to parishes
n parquet: floor made of wood strips inlaid in a mosaic like matter; CF. strip: long narrow piece
n partisan: one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party (with dislike of any others); N: strong supporter of a party; guerrilla
n pass\'e: old-fashioned; past the prime
n pastiche: imitation of another's style in musical composition or in writing; work of art openly imitating the works of other artists
n pathos: tender sorrow; pity; quality in art or literature that produces these feelings; Ex. pathos that runs through the novel
n patina: green crust on old bronze works or copper; tone slowly taken by varnished painting
n patois: local or provincial dialect
n patrician: noble; aristocratic; N: person of high rank; aristocrat; CF. member of the governing classes in ancient Rome; CF. plebian
n peccadillo: slight offense or fault; CF. sin
n pedant: scholar who overemphasizes book learning, trivial details of learning, or technicalities
n pedantic: bookish; showing off learning; marked by an excessive ostentatious concern for book learning; N. pedantry
n pedestrian: ordinary; dull; unimaginative(lacking in imagination); going on foot; Ex. pedestrian prose; N.
n pejorative: (of a word or phrase) suggesting that someone is of little value; negative in connotation; having a belittling effect; Ex. Many women now considers ``housewife'' a pejorative expression, because it patronized them.
n pell-mell: in confusion; disorderly; Ex. dash pell-mell
n pellucid: transparent; limpid(crystal clear); clear in meaning; easy to understand
n penance: self-imposed punishment for sin; Ex. do penance for one's sins; CF. penitent
n penchant: strong inclination; strong liking (esp. for something that is disapproved of by other people); Ex. penchant for fast cars
n pendulous: hanging; suspended
n pensive: dreamily or deeply thoughtful; sadly thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of sadness; contemplative; CF. think over
n penumbra: partial shadow (in an eclipse); CF. almost shadow
n peon: landless agricultural worker; bond servant; menial worker; N. peonage
n percussion: striking one object against another sharply; Ex. percussion instrument; N: striking together of two bodies; sound caused by percussion
n perdition: damnation; complete ruin; hell
n peremptory: demanding and leaving no choice; imperative; Ex. peremptory decree/knock
n peripatetic: walking about from place to place (to work); moving; Ex. peripatetic school of philosophy
n peripheral: of a periphery; marginal; outer; of minor importance; not central; Ex. peripheral nerve/interest
n periphery: outside edge especially of a round surface; perimeter; Ex. periphery of the town
n pernicious: very harmful; deadly; very destructive; Ex. pernicious effect/anemia
n peroration: conclusion of an oration; perorating; V. perorate: conclude a speech; speak at great length
n perpetrate: commit an offense; do (something wrong)
n perquisite(perk): any gain above stipulated salary; Ex. perquisites such as free meals and a car
n personable: attractive (in personality or appearance)
n pert: (esp. of a girl or young woman) impertinent; forward; trim; jaunty; Ex. pert young miss/hat
n peruse: read through with care; N. perusal
n perverse: purposely continuing to do something wrong; stubbornly wrongheaded; perverted; directed away from what is right; wicked and unacceptable; Ex. perverse satisfaction; Ex. Hannibal Lecter in a perverse mood; N. perversity
n pestilential(pestilent): causing plague; tending to cause death; baneful; N. pestilence: fatal epidemic disease (esp. bubonic plague)
n pestle: tool for mashing or grinding substances in a hard bowl or mortar
n petrify: turn to stone; cause to become stonelike; stun or paralyze
n petulant: touchy; peevish; ill-tempered
n pharisaical: pertaining to the Pharisees, who paid scrupulous attention to tradition; self-righteous; hypocritical
n phenomena: observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation; SG. phenomenon: observable fact; very unusual person, thing, or event; marvel; wonder; CF. phenomenons; ADJ. phenomenal: very unusual; extraordinary; of a phenomenon; Ex. phenomenal strength
n philatelist: stamp-collector; N. philately: stamp collecting
n philistine: narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclusively interested in material gain; uncultured person who is indifferent to artistic and cultural values; member of an ancient people in Palestine; OP. aesthete
n philology: study of language or words
n phlegmatic: calm and unexcitable; not easily disturbed; CF. phlegm: sticky mucus produced in the respiratory tract
n phylum: major classification, second to kingdom, of plants and animals; category ranking below a kingdom and above a class; division
n physiognomy: face (as showing the character and the mind); art of judging human character from facial features
n physiological: pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms; N. physiology
n piebald: of different colors; mottled; spotted in different colors (esp. in black and white); Ex. piebald horse; CF. pie+bald
n piecemeal: one part at a time; gradually; in stages; Ex. read a novel piecemeal
n pied: piebald; variegated(many-colored); multicolored
n pigment: coloring matter (usually powder to be mixed with water or oil)
n pine: long for; yearn; languish from longing or grief; decline
n pinion: restrain or immobilize by binding the wings or legs; N: bird's wing
n piquant: pleasantly tart-tasting; spicy; pleasantly stimulating; Ex. piquant situation when my old enemy asked for my help
n piscatorial: pertaining to fishing; CF. Pisces
n pith: core or marrow; spongelike substance in the center of stems; essence; substance
n pittance: small amount (of money); small allowance or wage
n placebo: harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill
n plagiarize: steal another's ideas or writings and pass them off as one's own; Ex. ideas plagiarized from my article; N. plagiarism; CF. kidnap
n plaintive: expressing sorrow; mournful; Ex. plaintive song
n plait: braid; interwine; interweave strands or lengths of; make by weaving strands together; Ex. plaited hair; N: braided length as of hair o fabric; CF. pigtail, ponytail
n plasticity: ability to be molded; ADJ. plastic: capable of being shaped or molded; Ex. plastic material such as clay
n plaudit: praise; enthusiastic approval; round(succession or series) of applause; ADJ. plauditory; CF. applaud
n plebeian: common; vulgar; pertaining to the common people; N: common people in ancient Rome; CF. patrician
n plenary: (of power) complete; full; fully attended by all qualified members; Ex. plenary power
n plenitude: abundance; plenty; great amount; completeness; fullness; CF. plenary, plenty
n plethora: excess; overabundance; Ex. a plethora of excuses
n pluck: courage; V: pull off or out; pull out the hair or feathers of; ADJ. plucky: courageous; brave
n plumage: feathers of a bird;
n plumb: exactly vertical; N: weight on the end of a line; V: examine very carefully or critically in order to understand; measure depth (by sounding); Ex. plumb the depth of
n plummet: fall sharply; fall straight down; Ex. Stock prices plummeted.
n poignancy: quality of being deeply moving; keenness of emotion; ADJ. poignant: touching; deeply moving; (of sorrow, grief, etc.) painful; keenly distressing to the mind; Ex. poignant memory/anxiety; CF. prick
n polarize: split into opposite extremes or camps
n polemic: attack or defense of an opinion; controversy or refutation; argument in support of point of view; N. polemics: art of debate or controversy
n polemical(polemic): aggressive in verbal attack; disputatious (rather than simply expressing opinions)
n ponderous: having great weight; weighty; unwieldy; lacking lightness; dull; Ex. ponderous body/style of writing
n pontifical: pertaining to a bishop or pope; pompous or pretentious; CF. pontiff: pope; bishop
n pore: study industriously; ponder; scrutinize; Ex. pore over the book; N.
n portly: stout; corpulent
n poseur: person who pretends to be sophisticated, elegant, etc., to impress others; person who poses; CF. pose
n posterity: descendants; future generations; Ex. go down to posterity; CF. posterior, anterior
n posthumous: after death (as of child born after father's death or book published after author's death); coming or occurring after one's death; Ex. posthumous fame/novel
n postulate: self-evident truth; something assumed without proof; V: assume the truth of (as a basis of an argument)
n posture: assume an affected pose; act artificially; N: pose; attitude
n potable: suitable for drinking; drinkable
n potentate: monarch; sovereign
n potpourri: heterogeneous mixture; medley; mixture of dried flower petals a pot (to give a pleasant smell to a room)
n poultice: soothing application applied to sore and inflamed portions of the body
n prate: talk idly; speak foolishly; boast idly
n prattle: talk idly; babble; N. CF. prate
n precarious: unsafe; lacking in stability; uncertain; risky; Ex. precarious living
n predilection: preference; partiality
n predispose: give an inclination toward (in advance); make susceptible to; Ex. predispose people to certain cancer; N. predisposition
n preempt: prevent in advance; head off(forestall); forestall by acting first; appropriate for oneself before others; supplant; take the place of; displace; Ex. preempt any attempts; ADJ. preemptive
n preen: make oneself tidy in appearance; feel self-satisfaction or pride; (of a bird) smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak; Ex. preen oneself on; CF. prune
n prehensile: capable of grasping or holding (esp. by wrapping around); Ex. prehensile tails
n prelate: church dignitary; priest of high position in the church (esp. bishop)
n prescience: ability to foretell the future; knowledge of actions before they occur; ADJ. prescient
n presumptuous: going beyond what is right; excessively forward; arrogant; taking liberties
n pretentious: ostentatious; showy; pompous; making unjustified claims; overambitious; Ex. pretentious films that claim to be art
n preternatural: beyond what is normal in nature; supernatural; Ex. preternatural strength/forces
n prevail: be widespread; triumph over; gain victory; prevail on: persuade; induce; Ex. Justice has prevailed; Ex. prevail on someone to do something
n prevaricate: lie; hide the truth (by equivocating)
n prim: proper to the point of affectation; very precise and formal; exceedingly proper
n primogeniture: seniority by birth; state of being the first-born child; right of the eldest child (to inherit the entire property of one or both parents)
n primp: groom oneself with care; adorn oneself
n pristine: unspoiled; remaining in a pure state; characteristic of earlier times; primitive; Ex. an old book in pristine condition
n privation: lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life; hardship; want; CF. deprive
n privy: secret; hidden; not public; made a participant in something secret; Ex. privy chamber government; Ex. be privy to a discussion; CF. private
n problematic: causing a problem; open to doubt; doubtful; unsettled; questionable; Ex. Whether the arena will ever be completed is problematic.
n prod: poke (with a pointed object); stir up; urge; goad to action; N: pointed object used to prod; prodding
n profligate: wasteful (of money); dissipated; wildly immoral; dissolute; N: profligate person; N. profligacy
n progeny: children; offspring; descendants
n prolixity: tedious wordiness; verbosity; ADJ. prolix: wordy; verbose; diffuse
n promiscuous: mixed indiscriminately; indiscriminate; not choosing carefully; indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners; irregular, particularly sexually; Ex. promiscuous life/girl; N. promiscuity
n promote: advance in rank; advance; help to flourish; advocate; help actively in forming; publicize or popularize; Ex. Milk promotes health; Ex. promote a match/bill; Ex. promote a new product
n prompt: cause; urge; provoke; provide a cue (for an actor); ADJ: done without delay; done at the right time; punctual; on time; N: reminder or cue
n promulgate: announce; proclaim a doctrine or law; make known by official publication
n propinquity: nearness (in space or relationship); proximity; kinship
n propitiate: appease; conciliate; make peaceful; ADJ. propitiatory
n propitious: favorable; auspicious; advantageous; fortunate; Ex. propitious day/sign
n prosaic: lacking in imagination; dull and unimaginative; matter-of-fact(concerned with facts, not imagination or feelings); factual; CF. prose
n proscenium: part of stage in front of curtain; front arch of a stage
n proselytize: (induce someone to) convert to a religion or belief; N. proselyte: new convert to a doctrine or religion
n prosody: art of versification; study of the metrical structure of verse
n protean: able to take on many forms; versatile; CF. Proteus: sea god to change his shape at will
n protocol: diplomatic etiquette; ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats; first copy of a treaty before its ratification; Ex. Protocol demands that the queen meet him at the airport.
n protuberance: protrusion; swelling; bulge
n provenance: place of origin; origin or source of something; Ex. Gunpowder is of Chinese provenance; CF. come
n provender: dry food for livestock; fodder
n prowess: extraordinary ability; military bravery; Ex. prowess in battle
n prude: excessively modest or proper person (who is easily shocked by improper things, esp. of a sexual nature); N. prudery; ADJ. prudish: excessively concerned with propriety
n prurient: having or causing lustful desires and thoughts; arousing immoderate sexual desire
n pry: inquire impertinently (someone else's private affairs); use leverage to raise or open something; prize; N. pries: tool for prying
n pr\'ecis: abstract; concise summing up of main points; concise summary of a text
n pterodactyl: extinct flying reptile; CF. wing+finger
n puerile: childish; immature; CF. puer: boy
n pugnacity: combativeness; disposition to fight; ADJ. pugnacious: (of people) belligerent; combative in nature
n puissant: powerful; strong; potent; N. puissance: power
n pulchritude: beauty; comeliness; ADJ. pulchritudinous
n pulmonary: pertaining to the lungs
n pulsate: throb; beat regularly; vibrate regularly
n pummel: pommel; beat or pound with fists
n pundit: authority on a subject; expert; learned person
n punitive: punishing; Ex. punitive measures
n puny: tiny; weak; insignificant
n purchase: secure grasp or hold; firm grasp or footing
n purse: pucker; contract (lips) into wrinkles; N: wallet
n purveyor: furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer; V. purvey: supply (eg. food); furnish; CF. provide
n pusillanimous: cowardly; lacking courage; fainthearted
n putative: supposed; reputed; generally regarded as such; Ex. putative father of the child
n putrid: decayed and foul-smelling; foul; rotten; decayed; N. putridity
naivet\'e(naivety): quality of being unsophisticated; simplicity; artlessness; gullibility; ADJ. naive(na\"ive): ingenuous; lacking worldliness; simple; credulous
narcissist: conceited person; N. narcissism; CF. narcissus
narrative: related to telling a story; N: narrated account; story; V. narrate: tell (a story); CF. narration
natation: swimming
nauseate: cause to become sick; fill with disgust; fill nausea
nautical: pertaining to ships or navigation
negate: cancel out; nullify; cause to have no effect; deny; N. negation
negligence: neglect; failure to take reasonable care; ADJ. negligent: neglectful; lax; not taking enough care
negligible: so small, trifling, or unimportant as to be easily disregarded
nemesis: someone seeking revenge; source of downfall or ruin; CF. Nemesis
nocturnal: done or active at night; Ex. nocturnal animals/raids; CF. nocturne
nomadic: wandering; N. nomad: tribe who migrates from place to place
nomenclature: terminology(system of specialized words); system of names or naming things
nominal: in name only; of a name; trifling; (of a sum of money) very small; CF. nominate: propose as a candidate; appoint
noncommittal: neutral; refusing commitment to a particular opinion; unpledged; undecided
nonentity: person of no importance; nonexistence
nostalgia: homesickness; longing for the past; Ex. nostalgia for the clothes of 1920s; ADJ. nostalgic
notable: conspicuous; worthy of note; remarkable; important; distinguished; noted
notoriety: disrepute; ill fame
novice: beginner
noxious: harmful; CF. obnoxious
nullify: make invalid; make null; invalidate
obdurate: stubborn; refusing to change one's belief
obeisance: bow (to show respect and obedience)
obelisk: tall column tapering(becoming gradually narrower toward the end) and ending in a pyramid
obese: excessively fat; N. obesity
objective: not influenced by emotions; fair; N: goal; aim
obligatory: binding; required; compulsory; V. oblige: constrain; make grateful; do a favor; accommodate
oblique: indirect; slanting (deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line); Ex. oblique reference
obliterate: destroy completely; wipe out; Ex. obliterate the village
oblivion: obscurity; condition of being completely forgotten; forgetfulness
obloquy: slander; disgrace; infamy
obscure: dark; vague; unclear; not well known; Ex. obscure meaning/village; V: darken; cover; make unclear; Ex. obscure the moon/meaning
obsequious: slavishly attentive; servile; full of servile compliance; sycophantic
obsequy: funeral ceremony
obsessive: related to thinking about something constantly; of an obsession; preoccupying; N. obsession: compulsive preoccupation with a fixed idea; compulsive idea; V. obsess: preoccupy the mind of excessively
obsidian: black volcanic rock
obsolete: outmoded; no longer used
obstetrician: physician specializing in delivery(assisting in giving birth) of babies; N. obstetrics; CF. midwife
obstinate: stubborn; hard to control or treat; Ex. obstinate cough; N. obstinacy
obstreperous: boisterous; noisy and uncontrollable
obtuse: blunt; not sharp; stupid; slow in understanding
obviate: make unnecessary; get rid of; Ex. obviate the need
Occident: the West
occult: mysterious; secret; supernatural; beyond human comprehension; CF. mysterious to human ?; OP. bare
oculist: physician who specializes in treatment of the eyes
odorous: having an odor
offensive: attacking; insulting; distasteful; V. offend: violate; hurt the feelings of; N. offense: offending; violating of a moral or social code; crime; attack; Ex. first offense
offhand: casual; done without prior thought or preparation
oligarchy: government by a privileged few
ominous: threatening; of an evil omen
omnipotent: all-powerful; having unlimited power
omnipresent: universally present; ubiquitous
omniscient: all-knowing
omnivorous: eating both plant and animal food; devouring everything
onslaught: vicious assault; fierce attack; Ex. unexpected onslaught of the enemy
opaque: dark; not transparent; N. opacity
opiate: medicine to induce sleep or deaden pain; something that relieves emotions or causes inaction; sleep-producing drug containing opium
opportune: timely; well-chosen
opportunist: individual who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advantage of circumstances; N. opportunism
optician: maker and seller of eyeglasses
optimist: person who looks on the bright side; N. optimism
optimum: most favorable; optimal; N: most favorable condition
optional: not compulsory; left to one's choice; N. option: act of choosing; choice; freedom or power to choose; something available as a choice; Ex. have no option; Ex. two options
optometrist: one who fits glasses to remedy visual defects
opulence: extreme wealth; luxuriousness; abundance; ADJ. opulent: possessing great wealth; abundant
orator: public speaker
oratorio: dramatic poem set to music; long musical work with singing but without acting; CF. cantata
ordeal: severe trial or affliction; difficult experience; trial(test of patience or endurance); affliction
ordinance: decree; authoritative order
orient: get one's bearings; adjust; make familiar with a situation; orientate
orientation: act of finding oneself in society; orienting
ornate: excessively or elaborately decorated
orthodox: traditional; (of someone) conservative in belief; adhering to an established doctrine
oscillate: vibrate pendulumlike; waver
ostensible: apparent; appearing as such; professed(pretended); pretended; Ex. ostensible purpose of the expedition
outlandish: bizzare; peculiar; unconventional
outmoded: no longer in fashion or use; no longer stylish; old-fashioned
outspoken: candid; blunt
outwit: outsmart; defeat by behaving more cleverly
overbearing: bossy; domineering and arrogant; decisively important; Ex. overbearing manner/importance; V. overbear: dominate
overt: open to view; public; not secret; CF. covert
ovoid: egg-shaped; CF. ovum; CF. ovulate
pachyderm: thick-skinned animal
pacifist: one opposed to force; antimilitarist; ADJ. N. pacifism: opposition to war as a means of resolving disputes
pacify: soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue; bring peace to
palette: board on which painter mixes pigments(coloring matters)
palpable: tangible; (of something bad) easily perceptible; obvious; Ex. palpable blunder
panacea: cure-all; remedy for all diseases
pandemic: widespread; affecting the majority of people; N: pandemic disease; CF. all people
pandemonium: wild tumult(commotion); wild noisy disorder; CF. Paradise Lost
panoramic: denoting an unobstructed and comprehensive view; N. panorama: unbroken view of a wide area
pantomime: acting without dialogue; V.
papyrus: ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant
paradigm: model; example that serves as a model; pattern; list of all the inflectional forms of a word
paradox: something apparently contradictory in nature (that may nonetheless be true); statement that looks false but is actually correct
paragon: model of perfection; Ex. paragon of virtue
parallelism: state of being parallel; similarity; analogy
paramount: foremost in importance; supreme; CF. para-: beyond; above; Ex. paranormal
paramour: illicit lover
paranoia: psychosis marked by delusions of grandeur or persecution; N: ADJ: paranoid, paranoiac
paraphernalia: equipment; odds and ends used in a particular activity; personal belongings; Ex. photographic paraphernalia; CF. married woman's property exclusive of her dowry
paraphrase: restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author; N: restatement of a text in other words
parasite: animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant; CF. para-: beside
parity: equality; close resemblance; CF. disparate
parody: humorous imitation; spoof; takeoff; travesty; V.
paroxysm: fit or attack of pain, laughter, rage; sudden outburst
parry: ward off a blow; deflect; Ex. He parried the unwelcome question very skillfully; N. CF. ¸·´Â´Ù´Â °³³äÀÌ ¾Æ´Ô
parsimony: stinginess; excessive frugality; ADJ. parsimonious
partial: incomplete; favoring one side over another; having a liking for something
partiality: state of being partial; inclination; favorable bias; special fondness; preference
partition: divide into parts
passive: not active; acted upon; receiving an action without acting in return; accepting without resistance
pastoral: rural; of rural life; idyllic; of a pastor
patent: obvious; easily seen; open for the public to read; of or protected by a patent; Ex. patent to everyone; N.
pathetic: causing sadness, compassion, pity; touching
pathological: pertaining to disease; N. pathology: study of disease
patriarch: father and ruler of a family or tribe
patronize: support; act superior toward; treat in a condescending manner; be a customer of; N. patron: one that supports; regular customer; N. patronage; CF. boycott
paucity: scarcity; dearth
pauper: very poor person
pecuniary: pertaining to money
pedagogue: teacher; CF. child leader
pedagogy: teaching; art of education
pediatrician: physician specializing in children's diseases; N. pediatrics
peerless: having no equal; incomparable
pendant(pendent): hanging down from something; pending; N: ornament (hanging from a necklace etc.)
penitent: repentant; N.
penury: extreme poverty; stinginess; ADJ. penurious: very poor; stingy
perceptive: insightful; showing a good ability at perceiving and understanding; aware; wise; of perception
peregrination: journey; V. peregrinate
perennial: something long-lasting; perennial plant; ADJ: lasting through the year or many years; lasting for a long time; enduring
perfidious: treacherous; disloyal; N. perfidy: treachery
perforate: pierce; put a hole through
perfunctory: done routinely and with little care; superficial; not thorough; lacking interest, care, or enthusiasm; Ex. perfunctory kiss
perigee: point of moon's orbit when it is nearest the earth; CF. apogee
perimeter: outer boundary; length of the outer boundary; circumference
perjury: false testimony while under oath; V. perjure oneself: testify falsely under oath
permeable: that can be permeated; penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through; V. permeate: spread or flow throughout; charge
perpetual: everlasting
perpetuate: make perpetual; make something last for a long time; preserve from extinction; N. perpetuity
perspicacious: (of someone) having insight; penetrating; astute
perspicuity: clearness of expression; freedom from ambiguity
perspicuous: (of something) plainly expressed; easy to understand; Ex. perspicuous comments
pertinacious: holding tenaciously to an action; stubborn; persistent
pertinent: suitable; to the point; relevant
perturb: disturb greatly
pervasive: spread throughout; V. pervade: (of smells, ideas, feelings) spread throughout; charge; permeate
perversion: corruption; turning from right to wrong
pessimism: belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess; tendency to take the gloomiest possible view of a situation; ADJ. pessimistic
petty: trivial; unimportant; very small; small-minded; petty-minded
philanderer: faithless lover; flirt
philanthropist: lover of mankind; doer of good; N. philanthropy
phobia: morbid fear
phoenix: symbol of immortality or rebirth; Ex. phoenix rising from its ashes
piety: devoutness; reverence for God; ADJ. pious
pillage: plunder
pillory: punish by placing in a wooden frame or pillory; subject or expose to criticism and ridicule; N.
pinnacle: peak; highest point; acme; Ex. pinnacle of fame
pious: devout; religious; N. piety
pique: irritation; resentment from wounded pride (eg. loss in a contest); V: provoke; arouse; annoy; cause to feel resentment; Ex. pique her curiosity
pitfall: hidden danger; concealed trap
pithy: concise and meaningful; substantial; meaty
pivotal: of a pivot; central; critical; crucial
placate: pacify; bring peace to; conciliate; appease
placid: peaceful; calm; Ex. placid child/lake
platitude: trite remark; commonplace statement; ADJ. platitudinous
platonic: purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desire
plausible: conceivably true; having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious
pliable: flexible; easily influenced; yielding; adaptable
pliant: flexible; easily influenced
plight: difficult condition; condition or state (esp. a bad state or condition); predicament
plutocracy: society ruled by the wealthy
podiatrist: doctor who treats ailments of the feet; chiropodist; N. podiatrics
podium: pedestal; raised platform
politic: prudent; judicious; well judged; expedient; well devised
polity: (particular form of) political organization; form of government of nation or state; Ex. student polity
polygamist: one who has more than one spouse at a time; CF. bigamy; CF. polyandry
polyglot: speaking several languages; multilingual; Ex. polyglot person/society; N.
pomposity: self-important behavior; acting like a stuffed shirt(pompous person); ADJ. pompous: self-important
porous: full of pores; like a sieve
portend: foretell; presage; be a sign or warning of; N. portent: sign; omen; forewarning
potent: powerful; convincing; persuasive; greatly influential
potential: expressing possibility; latent; N: capacity for growth
potion: dose (of liquids); liquid dose
practicable: feasible
practical: based on experience; of or acquired through practice (rather than theory); useful; Ex. practical man
pragmatic: practical (as opposed to idealistic); concerned with practical worth or impact of something; Ex. pragmatic test of the skill
pragmatist: practical person; N. pragmatism: pragmatic way of dealing with things
preamble: introductory statement
precedent: something preceding in time which may be used as an authority or guide for future action; V. precede; CF. unprecedented
precedent: preceding (in time, rank, etc.)
precept: practical rule guiding conduct; Ex. mother's precept
precipice: cliff; dangerous position; Ex. on the edge of the precipice
precipitant: something that causes a substance in a chemical solution to separate out in solid form; Ä§ÀüÁ¦; OP. solvent
precipitate: hurl downward; throw headlong; hasten; cause to happen sooner; condense and fall as rain or snow; cause (a solid substance) to be separated from a solution; ADJ. hasty; rash; premature; sudden
precipitous: steep; overhasty; precipitate
precise: exact
preclude: make impossible; prevent; exclude; eliminate
precocious: advanced in development; N. precocity
precursor: forerunner; predecessor
predator: predatory animal or bird; predatory person; creature that seizes and devours another animal; person who robs or exploits others; ADJ. predatory: living by preying on other organisms; plundering; N. predation
predecessor: former occupant of a post
predetermine: determine in advance; predestine; settle or decide beforehand; influence markedly
predicament: difficult situation; tricky or dangerous situation; dilemma
preeminent: outstanding; superior
prefatory: introductory; of a preface
prelude: introduction; introductory performance or event; forerunner
premeditate: plan in advance; Ex. premeditated murder
premise: assumption; postulate; proposition upon which an argument is based
premonition: forewarning; presentiment; foreboding
premonitory: serving to warn
preponderance: superiority of power, quantity, etc.; V. preponderate: be greater in power, weight, or importance; ADJ. preponderant
preposterous: absurd; completely unreasonable; ridiculous
prerogative: privilege; unquestionable right; CF. ask before
presage: foretell; be a warning or sign of; N: presentiment; foreboding; omen
presentiment: premonition; foreboding; feeling something will happen; anticipatory fear
prestige: respect or admiration; impression produced by achievements or reputation; ADJ: causing admiration; ADJ. prestigious: having prestige
pretext: excuse
prevalent: widespread; generally accepted
prey: target of a hunt; victim; V: hunt and eat as prey; victimize; Ex. Cats prey on mice.
primordial: existing at the beginning (of time); rudimentary
probe: explore with a probe or tools; investigate; N: slender instrument used to explore a wound or body cavity; device designed to investigate an unknown region; thorough investigation; Ex. space probe
probity: uprightness; honesty; incorruptibility
proclivity: inclination; natural tendency (esp. towards something bad)
procrastinate: postpone; delay or put off
procurement: obtaining; V. procure: obtain by effort; obtain (a prostitute) for another
prodigal: wasteful; reckless with money; profuse; Ex. a mind prodigal of ideas; N. prodigality
prodigious: enormous; marvelous; extraordinary; Ex. prodigious amount/memory
prodigy: highly gifted child; person with exceptional talents; marvel; wonder
profane: violate; desecrate (something holy); treat unworthily; be profane for; ADJ: secular; nonreligious; irreverent for holy things
profound: deep; not superficial; complete; Ex. profound thinker/remark/silence/deafness; N. profundity
profusion: great amount; plenty; overabundance; excess; lavish expenditure; Ex. profusion of choices; ADJ. profuse: plentiful; copious; giving or given abundantly; extravagant
progenitor: ancestor
prognosis: forecasted course of a disease; prediction; CF. prognostic
prognosticate: predict (according to present indications)
prohibitive: so high as to prohibit purchase or use; tending to prevent the purchase or use of something; prohibiting; inclined to prevent or forbid; Ex. prohibitive tax
projectile: missile; fired or thrown object (such as stone or bullet)
proletarian: member of the working class; blue collar guy; N. proletariat: working class (who have to work for wages)
proliferate: grow rapidly (in numbers); spread; multiply; N. proliferation
prolific: producing offspring or fruit in abundance; fertile; fecund; abundantly fruitful; producing abundant works; Ex. prolific writer
prologue: introduction (to a poem or play)
prolong: lengthen; extend; draw out
prominent: protruding(sticking out); conspicuous; notable; eminent
promontory: headland
prone: inclined to; likely to (suffer); prostrate; lying with the front downward; Ex. prone to disease/make mistakes; Ex. accident-prone
propagate: increase in number by producing young; multiply; spread; Ex. Most plants propagate by seed; Ex. newspaper propagating their ideas
propellant(propellent): substance which propels or drives forward (such as an explosive charge or a rocket fuel)
propensity: natural inclination
prophetic: of a prophet or prophecy; having to do with predicting the future; N. prophecy; V. prophesy; N. prophet
prophylactic: used to prevent disease; N: something prophylactic; condom; N. prophylaxis: prevention of disease
proponent: supporter; backer; opposite of opponent
propound: put forth for consideration or analysis; set forth; Ex. propound a problem/theory
propriety: fitness; quality of being proper; correct conduct; conformity to prevailing customs and usages; CF. proprietor, proprietary
propulsive: driving forward; N. propulsion
proscribe: prohibit; ostracize; banish; outlaw
prosperity: good fortune and financial success; physical well-being
prostrate: stretch out full on ground; make prostrate; enervate; Ex. prostrating illness; ADJ: lying face down; having lost all strength
prototype: original work used as a model by others
protract: prolong; lengthen in time; draw out
protrude: stick out; jut; project; Ex. protruding teeth
prot\'eg\'e: person receiving protection and support from a patron
provident: providing for future needs; displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for emergencies; OP. improvident
provincial: pertaining to a province; limited in outlook; narrow; unsophisticated
provisional: tentative; temporary
proviso: stipulation; condition in an agreement; provision
provocative: arousing anger or sexual interest; annoying; Ex. provocative in tight jeans; V. provoke: incite to anger; cause (an unpleasant action or feeling); N. provocation
proximity: nearness; ADJ. proximate
proxy: authorized agent; authority to act for another
prudent: cautious; careful; prudential
prune: cut away; trim
pseudonym: pen name; fictitious name assumed by an author; ADJ. pseudonymous
psyche: soul; mind
psychiatrist: doctor who treats mental diseases
psychopathic: pertaining to mental dearrangement; N. psychopath: person with an antisocial personality disorder
psychosis: mental disorder; ADJ. N. psychotic
pugilist: boxer; CF. pugilism: boxing
pulverize: crush or grind into very small particles
punctilious: minutely attentive (perhaps too much so) to fine points; stressing niceties of conduct or form; N. punctilio, punctiliousness: careful attention payed to every small exact detail
pungent: stinging; acrid; sharp in taste or smell; (of speech or writing) caustic; N. pungency
purgatory: place of spiritual expiation; temporary state or place in which the souls must expiate their sins
purge: remove or get rid of something or someone unwanted; eliminate; free from blame or guilt; cleanse or purify (esp. of sin, guilt, or defilement); N.
purport: intention; purpose; meaning; V: claim; profess; Ex. order which purports to be signed by the general
purported: alleged; claimed; reputed or rumored; Ex. purported Satanists
pyromaniac: person with an insane desire to set things on fire
s apparent: evident; easily seen or understood; appearing as such; Ex. apparent improvement
s beware: be cautious (of)
s blackball: vote against (an applicant); ostracize; N: negative vote
s blunt: having a dull edge; abrupt and frank in speech or manner; brusque; V: make or become blunt
s bookish: fond of books and reading
s bound: leap or spring; limit or confine; constitute the limit of; Ex. bounded by Canada; N: leap or jumping; boundary; ADJ: certain; having a duty to do something (legally or morally); confined by bonds; Ex. We are bound to be late; Ex. I am bound to say my opinion; CF. bounce, rebound
s brink: edge (at the top of a cliff); Ex. on the brink of the Grand Canyon
s bulge: protruding part; swelling of a surface; Ex. The apple made a bulge in his pocket; V: swell outward; protrude
s camp: group sharing a common cause or opinion
s cater: provide food and drink (for); cater to: try to satisfy (desires of a bad kind)
s commonplace: ordinary; N: something ordinary or common; trite remark
s commonwealth: nation governed by the people; republic; people of a nation
s cue: word or signal (as in a play to prompt another actor's speech or entrance); reminder or hint; V: give a cue to
s damn: condemn; criticize severely; condemn to everlasting punishment; doom; bring to ruin; N. damnation
s defalcate: embezzle
s doom: condemnation to a severe penalty; ruin; fate (esp. a tragic or ruinous one); V.
s dowry: money or property brought by a bride to her husband at marriage
s favoritism: display of partiality toward a favored person
s feud: bitter prolonged quarrel (usually between two peoples or families); V. CF. Romeo and Juliet; CF. feudal, feudalism
s forward: presumptuous or bold
s gangrene: decay of body tissue caused by insufficient blood supply (usually following injury); ADJ. gangrenous
s gradation: series of gradual stages; degree in such a progression
s horoscope: diagram of the positions of stars at a given moment (eg. of a person's birth) used by astrologers
s hysteria: excessive or uncontrollable excitement; N. hysteric: person suffering from hysteria; CF. hysterics: attack of hysteria
s idle: not working; not employed or busy; lazy; without purpose; useless; lacking substance; baseless; not based on truth; Ex. idle worker; Ex. talk idly; V.
s impersonal: not being a person; not showing personal feelings; Ex. impersonal force/manner/organization
s inamorata: woman whom a man loves
s infest: inhabit in numbers large enough to be harmful; Ex. Mice infested the house; Ex. shark-infested waters
s interstice: narrow space between things
s marrow: soft fatty tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of blood cells
s mash: crush into mash; convert into mash; N: mixture of ground grain and nutrients fed to livestock and fowl
s meter: arrangement of words in the form of poetry (by accentual rhythm)
s metrical: metric; written in the form of poetry; Ex. metrical translation of Homer
s mortar: vessel in which substances are crushed with a pestle
s nausea: feeling of sickness and desire to vomit; disgust; CF. seasickness
s nauseous: causing nausea; feeling nausea
s nebula: diffuse mass of interstellar dust or gas; galaxy
s nourish: provide with food necessary for life and growth
s nourishment: something that nourishes; food
s nova: star that suddenly becomes much brighter and then returns to its original brightness
s nutrition: process of nourishing or being nourished; CF. malnutrition
s nutritious: providing nourishment
s outcast: one that has been excluded from a society; ADJ.
s outlaw: fugitive from the law (excluded from legal protection); V: declare (someone) to be an outlaw; deprive of the protection of the law; declare illegal; Ex. Drinking has been outlawed.
s outlook: point of view; view from a particular place; expectation for the future; prospect; Ex. outlook on life; Ex. pleasing outlook; Ex. weather outlook
s parallel: similar; analogous; corresponding; N: parallel line; person or thing that is parallel (to another); similarity; Ex. know of no parallel to the case; Ex. without parallel; V: be similar to; make parallel; Ex. Your experience parallels mine; CF. unparalleled
s parchment: writing material made from the skin of a sheep or goat
s parish: area in the care of a single priest and served by one main church
s parvenu: upstart; newly rich person
s pedestal: support or base as for a pillar or statue
s pedigree: ancestry; lineage
s peer: one who has equal standing with another; nobleman; V: look intently; N. peerage; CF. peeress
s pending: not yet decided or settled; impending; Ex. pending decision; PREP. while awaiting; until; Ex. delay the decision pending his return
s pervert: corrupt; turn from right to wrong; misuse; Ex. perverted sexual desire/scientific knowledge; N: person whose sexual behavior is not natural
s phalanx: formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears; group of men packed together (for attack or defense)
s pharisee: Pharisee: member of an ancient Jewish group that emphasized strict observance of the Mosaic law (considering themselves very holy); hypocritical self-righteous person
s pinch: squeeze between the thumb and a finger, or other edges; Ex. I had to pinch myself to make sure I wasn't dreaming. N: amount that can be held between the thumb and a finger
s plebiscite: direct vote by the entire electorate (on an important issue)
s plumber: one who installs and repairs pipes and plumbing(pipes)
s polar: of a pole; characterized by opposite extremes; Ex. polar opposites
s polarity: state of having two opposite qualities
s pose: assume a particular posture; put forward; present; affect a particular attitude (to impress others); Ex. pose a threat; N.
s postmortem: autopsy; ADJ: occurring after death; of a postmortem
s prance: move about in a spirited manner (proudly and confidently)
s precinct: division of a city for election or police purposes; precincts: space that surrounds a building; Ex. precincts of the college
s presume: take for granted; assume; act overconfidently; take liberties; presume on/upon: take unfair advantage of (someone's kindness or connection); N. presumption
s pretend: feign; pretend to: claim to possess; make pretensions to; Ex. I don't pretend to much expertise; N. pretense
s pretension: pretentiousness; claim (without foundation); Ex. I make no pretensions to skill as an artist.
s prize: pry; move with a lever; value highly; esteem; Ex. his most prized possession; N: something captured during war-time (esp. an enemy ship)
s prosper: become successful (esp. financially); thrive; grow well; Ex. children prospering under his care
s prosperous: successful; rich; affluent; well-to-do; well-off
s providence: quality of being provident; divine care; god's care; Providence: god; Ex. It seemed like providence that the doctor happened to be there; ADJ. providential: of divine providence; fortunate
s provision: act of providing; something provided; preparatory measure; provisions: necessary supplies (esp. food); stipulation; condition in an agreement; Ex. According to the provisions of the agreement
s psychic: of psyche; mental; of or possessing extraordinary mental powers
s psychosomatic: of the influence of the mind on the body (esp. with respect to disease)
s pucker: gather into wrinkles or folds; N: wrinkle or fold
s pulse: rhythmical throbbing of arteries; brief sudden change in a normally constant quantity; V: pulsate
s pushy: disagreeably aggressive
s putrefy: make or become putrid; N. putrefaction
s putrescent: becoming putrid; putrefying
s rabble: mob; noisy crowd
s referendum: direct vote by all the people
s rooster: cock; adult male chicken
s rustle: make slight sounds like silk moving or being rubbed together
s scion: detached plant shoot used in grafting; descendant
s self-righteous: sure of one's own righteousness; moralistic
s shade: slight difference in degree; nuance; degree of color; Ex. shades of meaning/grey
s slaughter: killing of animals for food; massacre; V: butcher (animals) for food; kill in large numbers
s slavish: of or like a slave; servile; showing no originality; copied very closely; Ex. slavish devotion/copy of the original
s smart: intelligent; quick and energetic; fashionable; Ex. smart pace/restaurant; V: cause or feel a sharp pain; N: smarting pain
s snip: short quick cut with scissors; V: cut with scissors
s soothsayer: one who foretells the future
s sour: having a sharp or acid taste; acid; tart; bad-tempered; V.
s spare: give; use; refrain from harming; save from experiencing; exempt; Ex. spare me 5 minutes; Ex. Take this money and spare my life; Ex. The emperor was spared the onus; ADJ: kept in reserve; free for other use; unoccupied; Ex. spare time
s spoof: parody
s stout: rather fat; strong in body; sturdy; resolute; determined; strong in determination; Ex. stout stick/supporter
s studious: given to diligent study
s suspend: cause to stop for a period; interrupt; hold in abeyance; defer; hang from above; exclude for a period from a position; Ex. suspended state; Ex. suspend judgment; Ex. suspended from the team; N. suspension
s suspense: state of being undecided; anxiety or apprehension resulting from uncertainty
s swipe: hit with a sweeping motion; N.
s tablet: small round piece of medicine; flat piece of stone or metal bearing an inscription; Ex. stone tablet on the wall
s takeoff: burlesque; act of leaving the ground
s tart: sharp to the taste; acid-tasting; caustic; sarcastic; Ex. tart apple/reply
s threat: sign or warning (of coming danger); Ex. threat of rain; V: express a threat; give warning of (something bad); Ex. The cloud threatens rain.
s throb: (of a heart or machine) beat rapidly or violently; N. Ex. hearthrob: heartbeat; sweetheart
s touching: causing a feeling of pity or sympathy; pathetic; V. touch: cause to feel pity or sympathy; ADJ. touched
s usage: act or manner of using; accepted practice; way in which words are actually used
s varnish: paint used to coat a surface with a glossy film; glossy coating produced by using this substance; Ex. nail varnish; V.
s ward: administrative division of a city; division in a hospital or prison; incompetent person placed under the protection of a guardian; V: guard; ward off: avert
s wrongheaded: stubbornly wrong