- canal: channel dug and filled with water for passage of boats or irrigation
- canyon: a valley with vertical sides; a deep valley with steep sides
- cataract: a large waterfall
- cliff: a piece of land with vertical sides; high, steep face of rock or earth
- cove: a baby bay; sheltered small bay
- crater: a depression around the opening of a volcano; can be formed from meteorites
- hill: a raised, rounded mound of earth in which the surface of the land gently rises and falls
- lake: a body of water surrounded by land; can be natural or man-made
- marsh: low, wet land with grass and birds
- mesa: a medium, flat-topped table-like piece of land with steep sides
- plateau: a flat-topped area rising high above ground level
- reef: a ridge of rocks or sand at or near the surface of the water
- steppe: a vast, treeless plain in Southeast Europe and Asia