- Ara Pacis: altar of peace dedicated by Augustus
- Colosseum: large amphitheater or arena
- Constantine: Roman emperor who recognized Christianity
- Diocletian: Roman emperor who pulled the empire back together at the end of the third century
- Marcus Aurelius: third-century philosopher-emperor
- Pax Romana: peace under the rule of the Roman empire
- Tetrarchs: four rulers who divided rule of Empire
- Timgad: north African town with grid pattern layout
- Trajan: early second-century emperor who conquered Dacia and rebuilt much of Rome
- atrium: court of a Roman house near the entrance and open to the sky
- barrel vault: vault in the form of continuous semicircular sections
- basilica: rectangular Roman building used for tribunals with entrance on long side
- coffering: square cutouts in a dome used to lighten the dome
- encaustic: painting technique using hot wax
- forum: public square in a Roman city
- groin vault: created by the intersection of two barrel vaults
- insula: mutistoried Roman apartment block
- oculus: a round central opening in a dome
- patrician: wealthy landowners
- plebian: small farmers, merchants, freed slaves