Quizlet Med. Term. 2

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  1. anatomical position: the position of the body to which health professionals refer when noting body planes, positions, or directions: the person is assumed to be standing upright (erect), facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward; the patient is visualized in this pose before applying any other term of reference
  2. ancurysm: a bulging of a wall of an artery
  3. ankyl/o: crooked or stiff
  4. anterior (A) (ventral): front of the body
  5. aortofram: x-ray of the largest artery
  6. appendicular skeleton: bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
  7. arthr/o: joint
  8. arthroplasty: surgical repair of a joint
  9. articul/o: joint
  10. articular cartilage: a gristlelike substance on bones where they articulate
  11. articulation: a joint; the point where two bones come together
  12. auscultation: use of stethoscope
  13. axial skeleton: bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone (U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue)
  14. body planes: reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts
  15. bone: specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton
  16. bone marrow: soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
  17. brachi/o: arm
  18. bursa: a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones, lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
  19. cardiac muscle: muscle of the heart
  20. cardiomyopathy: general term for heart muscle disease
  21. cardioversion: termination of tachycardia by drugs
  22. cephalic: superior
  23. cervic/o: neck
  24. chondr/o: cartilage (gristle)
  25. clavicle: collarbone
  26. compact bone: tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
  27. cor pulmonale: right ventricular failure
  28. coronal or frontal plane: vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
  29. cost/o: rib
  30. crani/o: skull
  31. dactyl/o: digit (finger or toe)
  32. diaphysis: shaft of a long bone
  33. disk: a flat, platelike structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction
  34. dorsal: posterior
  35. elecrocardiogram: recording of sound waves through the heart
  36. endosteum: membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
  37. epiphysis: wide ends of a long bone (physis=growth)
  38. extension: straightening of a joint
  39. fasci/o: fascia (a band)
  40. fascia: a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
  41. femor/o: femur
  42. fibro/o: fiber
  43. flat bones: bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
  44. humerus: upper arm bone
  45. inferior: caudal
  46. insertion of a muscle: muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
  47. irregular bones: bones of vertebrae and face
  48. kyph/o: humped-back
  49. kyphosis: humped back condition
  50. lei/o: smooth
  51. ligament: a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
  52. long bones: bones of arms and legs
  53. lord/o: bent
  54. lumb/o: loin (lower back)
  55. medullary cavity: cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
  56. metacarpals: hand bones
  57. metaphysis: growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
  58. muscle: tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
  59. muscul/o: muscle
  60. my/o: muscle
  61. myel/o: bone marrow or spinal cord
  62. myocardial infraction: heart attack
  63. myocarditis: inflammation of the heart muscle
  64. myos/o: muscle
  65. nucleus pulposus: soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disc
  66. origin of a muscle: muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
  67. oste/o: bone
  68. osteotome: instrument for cutting a bone
  69. patell/o: knee cap
  70. patella: knee cap
  71. patent ductus arteriosus= abnormal opening between: pulmonary artery and aorta
  72. pelesteum: membraneous outer bone cover
  73. pelv/i: hip bone or pelvic cavity
  74. pelv/o: hip bone or pelvic cavity
  75. periosteum: a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
  76. posterior (P) (dorsal): back of the body
  77. pronation: turning downward of palmar of plantar surface
  78. prone: dorsal recumbent
  79. radi/o: radius
  80. red bone marrow: functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets; found in cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults
  81. rhabd/o: rod shaped or striated (skeletal)
  82. saggital plane: vertical division of the body into right and left positions
  83. sarc/o: flesh
  84. scoli/o: twisted
  85. sesamoid bones: round bones found near joints
  86. short bones: bones of wrist and ankles
  87. smooth muscle: involuntary muscle found in internal organs
  88. spondyl/o: vertebra
  89. spongy (cancellous) bone: mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run
  90. stern/o: sternum (breastbone)
  91. striated (skeletal) muscle: voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
  92. supine: ventral recumbent
  93. synovial fluid: joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
  94. synovial membrane: membrane lining the capsule of a joint
  95. ten/o: tendon (to stretch)
  96. tend/o: tendon (to stretch)
  97. tendin/o: tendon (to stretch)
  98. tendon: a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
  99. thorac/o: chest
  100. ton/o: tone or tension
  101. transverse plane: horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
  102. uln/o: ulna
  103. ventral: anterior
  104. ventricular septum defect: opening in lower chambers' partition
  105. vertebr/o: vertebra
  106. yellow bone marrow: gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue; and is inactive in formation of blood cells