- Acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids: Inflammation; others (2)
- Allegra: Autocoids; Antihistamines; Fexofenadine trade name
- Allopurinol, febuxostat: Gout; Decreased production (inhibit xanthine oxidase) (2)
- Amantadine: Parkinson's treatment; dopamine releasing agent
- Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Imipramine, Desipramine: Antidepressants; TCAs (4)
- Anakinra: Immunomodulators; Cytokines and growth factors; Cytokine antagonists; IL-1 receptor antagonist
- Anakinra: Immunomodulators; Cytokine antagonist
- Antivert: Autocoids; Antihistamines; Meclizine trade name
- aprepitant: GI drugs; Antiemetics; Substance P antagonist
- Aripiprazole: Antipsychotics; Dopamine system stabilizer; Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1a; antagonist at 5-HT2a
- Azathioprine: Immunomodulators; Purine analog
- Baclofen: Sedative-hypnotics; Spasmolytic; GABAb receptor agonist
- Baclofen, Tizanidine, Dantrolene: Sedative-hypnotics; Spasmolytics
- Beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide, prednisone: Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; corticosteroids (4)
- Benadryl: Autocoids; Antihistamines; Diphenhydramine trade name
- Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl: Parkinson's treatment, centrally acting antimuscarinic agents (block muscarinics within the striatum) (2)
- Bisacodyl, cascara sagrada, senna, castor oil: GI drugs; Stimulant laxatives (4)
- Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol): GI drugs; Mucosal protective agent
- Bran, Psyllium preparations, methylcellulose: GI drugs; Bulk Laxatives (3)
- Bromocriptine, pergolide, ropinirole, pramipexole: Parkinson's treatment, Dopamine agonists (4)
- Buprenorphine: Synthetic opiate; partial agonist at opiate receptors, antagonizes morphine and heroin
- Bupropion: Antidepressant; Inhibits DA, 5-HT, and NE uptake
- Buspirone: Sedative-hypnotic; Serotonergic agent; agonist at 5-HT1a
- carbamazepine, felbamate, valproic acid: Antiseizure drugs; Liver function test required by the FDA (3)
- Chloral hydrate, meprobamate: Sedative-hypnotics; Older sedative-hypnotics
- Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam: Sedative-hypnotics, Benzodiazepines, long half-life (3)
- Chlorpromazine, haloperidol: Typical antipsychotics (2)
- Cimetidine, Ranitidine: GI drugs; H2-receptor antagonists (2)
- Cimetidine, Ranitidine: GI drugs; H2-receptor antagonist (2)
- Claritin: Autocoids; Antihistamines; Loratadine trade name
- cocaine, amphetamines, phenethylamine, phenylpropanolamine, kathionine: Stimulants; CNS sympathomimetics (5)
- Cromolyn, nedocromil: Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; release inhibitors (2)
- Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus: Immunomodulators; Calcineurin inhibitors (3)
- Daclizumab, basiliximab, muromonab, abatacept: Immunomodulators; monoclonal antibodies used to treat inflammatory disorders (4)
- Dextromethorphan: Synthetic opiate; cough suppressant
- Dimenhydrinate: GI drugs; Antiemetics; H1 antihistamine
- Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, meclizine, promethazine, fexofenadine, loratadine: Autocoids; Antihistamines (6)
- Diphenhydramine, doxylamine: Sedative-hypnotics; Over-the-counter sleep aids; Antihistamines
- Diphenoxylate, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate, alosetron: GI drugs; Antidiarrheal (4)
- Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, tacrine: Alzheimer's treatment; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (4)
- Dramamine: Autocoids; Antihistamines; Dimenhydrinate trade name
- Dronabinol, Rimonabant: Similar to marijuana (2)
- Ethosuximide: Antiepileptic; For absence seizures
- Flumazenil: Sedative-hypnotics; Non-benzodiazepines (z-drugs); benzodiazepam site antagonist
- Flunitrazepam, clonazepam: Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepines; other (2)
- Fluoxetine, Sertraline: Antidepressants; SSRIs (can inhibit P-450s, anorgasmia) (2)
- Fomepizole, Disulfiram, Naltrexone, Acamprosate: Alcohol treatments (4)
- Glatiramer: Immunomodulators; Similar to myelin basic protein; for MS
- Hydromorphone: Synthetic opiate; more potent than morphine
- Hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, oxycodone, loperamide, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, dextromethorphan: Synthetic opiates (10)
- Indomethacin, colchicine, phenylbutazone: Gout; Anti-inflammatory (3)
- Infliximab: Immunomodulators; Monoclonal antibodies; monoclonal antibody against TNFalpha used to treat Crohns, UC, RA, ankylosing spondylitis
- Ipratropium: Asthma; Bronchodilators; Muscarinic antagonist
- l-dopa, carbidopa, simemet: Standard Parkinson's treatments (3)
- Leflunomide: Immunomodulators; Regulators of cytokine response; inhibits dihydroorotate dehyrogenase
- Lithium, Valproic acid, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine: Antidepressants; For bipolar patients (4)
- Loperamide: Synthetic opiate; controls diarrhea
- Lorazepam, Diazepam, Fosphenytoin: Antiepileptics; For status epilepticus (3)
- Lorazepam, temazepam, alprazolam: Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepines; medium half-life (3)
- Melatonin, Ramelteon: Sedative-Hypnotics; Melatonin receptor agonists
- Memantine: Alzheimer's treatment; NMDA receptor agonist
- Meperidine: Synthetic opiate; less potent and shorter duration than morphine
- Methotrexate: Immunomodulators; For autoimmune diseases
- Methotrexate, Gold, leflunomide, etanercept, infliximab, abatacept, rituximab, anakinra: Inflammation; Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (8)
- methylphenidate, atomoxetine: Stimulants; ADHD treatments (2)
- Metoclopramide: GI drugs; Prokinetic agent (D2 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, 5-HT4 agonist)
- Metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, droperidol: GI drugs; Antiemetics; D2 receptor antagonists (5)
- Midazolam: Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepine; short half life
- Milk of magnesia, sodium phosphate, glycerin, lactulose, polyethylene glycol, ascorbic acid: GI drugs; Osmotically active agents (6)
- Mirtazapine: Antidepressant; Alpha2 antagonist (increased NE and 5-HT), H1 receptor antagonist
- Misoprostol: GI drugs; Prostaglandin (prostaglandin E1 analog), abortifactant
- Modafinil: Non-amphetamine stimulant clinically used to treat Narcolepsy
- Modafinil, gamma hydroxybutyrate: Stimulants; Narcolepsy treatments (2)
- Nabilone: GI drugs; Antiemetics; Cannabinoid
- NSAIDs: Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, salicylate, celecoxib
- Odansetron, granisetron, palonsetron: GI drugs; Antiemetics; 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (3)
- Omalizumab: Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; anti-IgE therapy
- Omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole: Proton pump inhibitors (3)
- Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Rabeprazole: GI drugs; Proton pump inhibitors (3)
- Phenergan: Autocoids; Antihistamines; Promethazine trade name
- phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental: Sedative-hypnotics; Barbiturates (3)
- Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenobarbital, Gabapentin, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam, Felbamate: Antiepileptics; For partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (8)
- PPI/H2Ra, metronidazole, tetracycline, bismuth subsalicylate: GI drugs, Antimicrobial agents, Quadruple drug therapy
- Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone: Gout; Uricosuric drugs
- Propranolol, Methysergide, Amitriptyline, verapamil, valproic acid, topiramate, gabapentin, ibuprofen: Prophylactic treatments for migraine (8)
- Risperidone, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Ziprasidone: Atypical antipsychotics (5)
- Selegiline: Antidepressant; MAOI (type b)
- Selegiline, Rasagiline: Parkinson's treatment; MOA-B inhibitors (2)
- Sildenafil: Autocoids; Prostaglandins; Trade name Viagra
- Sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, thalidomide: Immunomodulators; Regulators of cytokine response (4)
- Sulfasalazine, mesalamine: GI drugs; Inflammatory bowel disease (2)
- Sumatriptan: Autocoids; Biogenic Amines; Triptans; For migraine use; 5-HT1 agonist
- Tegaserod, Lubiprostone: GI drugs; Laxatives and stool softeners (2)
- Terbutaline, albuterol, salmeterol: Asthma; Bronchodilators; Beta-adrenergic agonists (3)
- Theophylline, aminophylline: Asthma; Bronchodilators; Methylxanthines (2)
- Tizanidine: Sedative-hypnotics; Spasmolytic; central alpha2 receptor agonist
- Tolcapone, entacapone: Parkinson's treatment, COMT inhibitors (prevent L-dopa breakdown in peripheral tissues) (2)
- Tranylcypromine, Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid: Antidepressants; MAOIs (nonselective)--Atypical depression (3)
- Trazodone, Nefazodone: Antidepressants; Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT, block post-synaptic 5-HT2 receptors (2)
- Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Zonisamide: Antiepileptics; For a variety of seizure types (4)
- Venlafaxine, Duloxetine: Antidepressants; SNRIs (2)
- Venlafaxine, Duloxetine: Antidepressants; block norephinephrine uptake as well as serotonin uptake
- Vigabatrin, Corticotropin, Prednisone: Antiepileptics; For infantile spasms (3)
- zaleplon (sonata): Hypnotic that decreases latency to sleep (~4 hr duration of action) and is approved for short term use, but has not anxiolytic or muscle relaxant properties
- Zaleplon, Zolpidem, Eszopiclone: Sedative-hypnotics; Non-benzodiazepines (z-drugs); bind to BZ1 subtype of benzodiazepine sites (3)
- Zileuton, zafirlukast, montelukast: Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; Leukotriene pathway modifiers (3)