Quizlet History Chapter 3

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  1. "the starving time": it's what the colony called the winter of 1609-1610
  2. Act of Toleration: act that granted Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely
  3. April 1607: Jamestown was established
  4. armada: war fleet
  5. Bacon's Rebellion: had shown that the settlers were not willing to be restricted to the coast
  6. Baltimore: founded in 1729 which was Maryland's port
  7. burgesses: two representitives
  8. Cape Cod Massachusetts: Mayflower people planned to land or settle in Virginia. The first land they sighted was this which was well north of their target
  9. Captain John Smith: an experienced soldier and explorer who led Jamestown
  10. Charleston: Settlers arrived in Carolina in 1670 and by 1680 they founded a city called Charles Town, later became known as Charleston
  11. Charters: the right to organize settlements in an area, from King James the First
  12. constitution: plan of government
  13. Croatoan: only clue to the fate of settlers who disappeared from Roanoke
  14. debtors: those who are unable to pay their debts
  15. Dissented: they disagreed with the beliefs or practices of the Anglicans
  16. Duke of York: King Charles the Second gave the colony to his brother (this name) who renamed it New York instead of New Netherland/New Amsterdam
  17. Eliza Lucas: developed another important Carolina crop- indigo
  18. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: first written constitution in America and it described the organization of representative government in detail
  19. Great Migration: a movement in which more than 15000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts
  20. headright: a land grant of 50 acres to those who paid their own way
  21. House of Burgesses: on July 30, 1619, met for the first time in a church in Jamestown
  22. indentured servants: laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America
  23. Indigo: a blue flowering plat which was used to dye textiles
  24. James Oglethorpe: received a charter to create a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start
  25. Jamestown: first successful colony
  26. John Locke: an English political philosopher who wrote a constitution for the Carolina colony
  27. John Rolfe: learned to grow a type of tobacco using seeds from the West Indies. Also he married Pocahontas
  28. John Wheelwright: led a group of dissidents from Massachusetts to the north in 1638. They founded the town of Exeter in New Hampshire
  29. John White: a mapmaker and artist who led the group to Roanoke
  30. John Winthrop: Puritan who was governor of Massachusetts Bay
  31. joint-stock company: Ex: Virginia Company. Investors bought stock or part ownership in the company in return for a share of its future profits
  32. Jumipero Serra: In 1769 he, a Franciscan monk founded a mission at San Diego
  33. King Philip the Second: ruled Spain from 1556-1598
  34. Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret: The Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to these people. These people named their colony New Jersey.
  35. Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette: Joliet: a French fur trader. Marquette: a French priest. In the 1670's they explored the Mississippi River by canoe. Hoped to find gold silver or other precious metals
  36. Manhattan Island: in 1626 the company bought Manhattan from the Manhates people for small quatities of beads and other goods
  37. Massachusetts Bay: In 1630, Winthrop led about 900 men, women, and children to this place. Most settled in Boston.
  38. Massasoit: Wampanoag leader
  39. Mayflower: the Pilgrims' ship
  40. Mayflower Compact: a document, pledging the Pilgrims loyalty to bring law and order to the colony before they set food off the ship
  41. Metacomet: Wampanoag chief was known to settlers as King Philip
  42. missions: religious settlements established to convert people to a particular faith
  43. Nathaniel Bacon: a wealthy young planter who was a leader in the western part of Virginia
  44. New Amsterdam: located on Manhattan Island. The main settlement of New Netherland
  45. New arrivals in Jamestown in 1619: women
  46. New France: in 1663 became a royal colony
  47. New Orleans: In 1718 the French governor founded the port of this near mouth of Mississippi River
  48. Oliver Cromwell: a Puritan
  49. pacifists: people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars
  50. patroons: wealthy landowners who acquired these riverfront estates. They ruled like kings. They had own courts and laws.
  51. persecuted: treated harshly
  52. Peter Stuyvesant: governor of New Netherland/ New Amsterdam
  53. Philadelphia: "city of brotherly love"
  54. Pilgrims: people who boarded the Mayflower/ Separatists
  55. Pocahontas: daughter of Chief Powhatan
  56. Potomac River: Entering Chespeake Bay they sailed to this place through fertile countryside
  57. proprietary colony: a colony in which the owner or proprietor owned all the land and controlled the government
  58. Puritans: The Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church
  59. Quebec: French founded this in place in 1608
  60. Queen Elizabeth: Protestant
  61. Rene'-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle: followed Mississippi River all the way to Gulf of Mexico a few years later
  62. Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Williams received a charter in 1644 for a colony east of Connecticut called this
  63. Roanoke Island: off the coast of present-day North Carolina
  64. Roger Williams: a minister who founded the town of Providence, Rhode Island
  65. Santa Fe: in late 1609 or early 1610, Spanish missionaries soliers and settlers founded this place
  66. Savannah: Oglethorpe led people to Georgia in 1733. They built this town
  67. Separatists: Those who wanted to leave and set up their own churches
  68. Sir Francis Drake: English adventurer who attacked Spanish ships and ports
  69. Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore: a Catholic who wanted to establish a safe place for his fellow Catholics who were being persecuted in England
  70. Sir Humphrey Gilbert: claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth in 1583
  71. Sir Walter Raleigh: Queen Elizabeth gave him the right to claim land in North America. He also sent an expedition to find a good place to settle. His scouts found Roanoke Island.
  72. Society of Friends: Quakers
  73. Spanish Armada: mightiest naval force the world had ever seen, yet English ships that were smaller and swifter won the battle
  74. Squanto & Samoset: Indians who helped the colonists of Pilgrims. Helped the Pilgrims survive
  75. tenant farmers: the settlers paid their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year
  76. Thomas Hooker 1636: founded Hartford, Connecticut
  77. toleration: they criticized or persecuted people who held other religious views
  78. Virginia Dare: first English child to be born in North America
  79. William Bradford: leader of Pilgrims/ Plymouth
  80. William Penn: a wealthy English gentleman presented a plan to King Charles.