- Big Names: Experts and important people that support your side of the argument
- Claim: Your main point
- Ethos: Making yourself seem trustworthy and believable
- Kairos: Building a sense of urgency for your cause
- Logos: Using logic, numbers, facts, and data to support your argument
- Pathos: appealing to your audience's emotions
- Research: using studies and information to make your argument seem more convincing; includes using words, tables, graphs, illustrations