- alliteration: the repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants or consonant clusters at the beginning of words.
- allusion: a reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.
- apostrophe: a figure of speech in which an absent or a dead person, an abstract quality, or something non-human is addressed directly
- assonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds
- blank verse: verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
- caesura: a break or pause in a line of poetry
- conceit: a kind of developed metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things
- connotation: all the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse
- consonance: the repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words
- couplet: any two consecutive lines that rhyme
- denotation: the literal or dictionary meaning of a word
- diction: a writers choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision
- dramatic irony: the reader or audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know
- dramatic monologue: kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one listener or more whose replies are not given in the poem
- elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual
- end rhyme: rhymes that occur at the ends of lines
- epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated
- free verse: verse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern
- heroic couplet: two consecutive lines of rhymed iambic pentameter
- iambic pentameter: a rhythm pattern of five metric feet of light, then heavy beats.
- imagery: words or phrases that appeal to the senses and create pictures or images in the reader's mind
- internal rhyme: rhymes that occur within lines of a poem
- irony: a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what really happens.
- irony of situation: a discrepancy between the expected results of some action or situation and its actual results
- lyric poem: a poem, usually short, that expresses a speaker's personal thoughts or feelings (includes elegy, ode and sonnet)
- metaphor: a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things that are basically dissimilar
- meter: a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry, measure of the rhythm of a poetic line
- metonymy: a figure of speech in which something very closely associated with a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself.
- mood: feeling created in the reader by the literary work
- motif: a recurring feature such as a name, an image or a phrase in a work of literature
- narrative poem: a poem that tells a story
- ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject
- onomatopoeia: the use of a word whose sound in some degree imitates or suggests its meaning
- oxymoron: a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms
- parallelism: the use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar or complementary in structure or meaning
- pastoral: a type of poem that deals in an idealized way with shepherds and rustic life.
- personification: a figure of speech in which something nonhuman is given human qualities
- quatrain: stanza or poem with four lines
- refrain: a word, phrase, line, or group of lines repeated regularly in a poem, usually at the end of each stanza
- repetition: repeated words or phrases
- rhyme: the repetition of sounds in two or more words or phrases that appear close to each other in a poem
- rhyme scheme: the pattern of rhymes in a poem
- rhythm: the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in to a pattern
- scansion: analysis of literature in terms of meter
- sestet: six line stanza
- simile: comparison made between two things through the use of a specific word of comparison such as like or as
- sonnet: fourteen line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter
- speaker: persona or person speaking in the poem
- stanza: verse of a poem
- synecdoche: a figure of speech that substitutes a part for the whole
- theme: the general idea or insight about life that a writer wishes to express in a literary work
- tone: attitude demonstrated by the writer toward his or her subject
- verbal irony: discrepancy between what is said and what is meant