- artisian: a craftsperson such as a weaver or potter
- barter: exchange of goods or services
- city-state: a city that is an individual unit, complete with it's own government and traditions
- civilization: a group of people who have a complex, organized society
- covenant: an agreement
- dynasty: the ruling family of an empire
- empire: a large territiory consisting of many places all under the control of a single ruler
- monotheism: the practice of worshipping only one God
- plateau: an area of high, flat land
- polytheism: the practice of worshipping more than one God
- region: an area with common physical features
- scribe: the professional writer, the person who makes the written documentation
- slavery: practice of one person owning another person
- ziggurat: a huge pyramid shaped structure formed from a series of stacked rectangular platforms