- A Major: F#, C#, and G#; relative to f# minor
- A tempo: return to original tempo
- Ab Major: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db; relative to f minor
- Accelerando: gradually faster
- Accent: play that note louder than others
- Accidentals: sharps, flats, or natural before notes not in the key signature
- Adagio: slowly
- Allegretto: a medium tempo between Andante and Allegro
- Allegro: fast; quick
- Andante: moderate walking tempo
- Andantino: slightly slower/ faster than Andante, though the latter is used more often
- Animato: animated; w/ spirit
- Appoggiatura: play first note half the value as the second
- Arpeggio: continuous broken chord
- Authentic cadence: (Cadence) A dominant/ V7 chord, followed by a tonic chord
- B Major: F#, C#, G#, D#, and A#; relative to g# minor
- Bb Major: Bb, Eb; relative to g minor
- C Major: no sharps/flats;relative to a minor
- C# Major: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#, and B#; relative to a# minor
- Cantabile: in a singing style
- Cb Major: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb; relative to ab minor
- chromatic scale: a scale w/ thirteen notes, each a half-step away. write sharps on the ascent, and flats on the descent.
- Con Brio: w/ brilliance
- Con Moto: w/ motion
- Crescendo: gradually louder
- D Major: F# and C#; relative to b minor
- Damper Pedal: pedal located on right
- Db Major: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb; relative to bb minor
- Deceptive cadence: (Cadence) A dominant or subdominant chord, followed by a submediant chord
- Decrescendo: gradually softer
- Dolce: sweetly
- Doloroso: sorrowfully
- Dominant: V chord (in major)
- Double Flat: 2 flats before a note which lowers the note a whole step
- Double Sharp: the symbol x which raises the note a whole step
- E Major: F#, C#, G#, and D#; relative to c# minor
- Eb Major: Bb, Eb, Ab; relative to c minor
- Expressivo: expressively
- F Major: Bb; relative to d minor
- F# Major: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#; relative to d# minor
- Fermata: hold note longer than its value
- Forte: loud (f)
- Forte-piano: loud followed by soft, immediately (fp)
- Fortissimo: very loud (ff)
- Fortississimo: very, very loud (fff)
- G Major: F#; relative to e minor
- Gb Major: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb; relative to eb minor
- Half Cadence: Cadence ending w/ a dominant/V7 chord
- harmonic minor: minor sca;e in which the seventh note is raised a half-step
- Largo: very slow tempo (starting w/ la)
- Leading Tone: vii0 chord (in major)
- Leggiero: lightly
- Lento: slow tempo (starting w/ le)
- Marcato: stressed, marked
- Mediant: iii chord (in major)
- melodic minor: minor scale in which the sixth AND seventh notes are raised a half-step. However, the descent of the scale is natural
- Mezzo Forte: medium loud (mf)
- Mezzo Piano: medium soft (mp)
- Moderato: moderate, medium tempo
- Molto: much, very
- Mordent: ornament which written note, note below written note, then written note is played
- natural minor: the original minor scale
- Opus: used to indicate order in which a composer wrote works
- Ostinato: repeated pattern in music
- Parallel Major/ minor: major/ minor keys w/ same letter name
- Phrase: four measures long
- Pianissimo: very soft (pp)
- Pianississimo: very, very soft (ppp)
- Piano: soft (p)
- Plagal cadence: (Cadence) A subdominant chord, followed by a tonic chord
- Poco: little
- Presto: very fast tempo
- Rallentando: gradually slower (rall)
- Ritardando: gradually slower (rit)
- Robusto: boldly
- scale: eight notes, all a step apart, ending w/ the same lettered note
- Scherzando: playfully, jokingly
- Sforzando: sudden, sharp accent
- Simile: continue in the same style
- Sostenuto: sustained
- Spiritoso: spirited
- Subdominant: IV chord (in major)
- Subito: suddenly, @ once
- Submediant: vi chord (in major)
- Supertonic: ii chord (in major)
- Syncopation: contradiction of the original beat/ rhythm by varying the strong/ weak beats in the measure
- Tonic: I chord (in major)
- Tranquillo: peacefully, tranquilly
- Tre Corda: release the soft pedal
- Trill: ornament in which written note is alternating with the note above it
- Turn: (ornament) written note is played along w/ surrounding notes (i dunno if you got that)
- Una Corda: press the soft pedal
- upbeat: an incomplete measure that begins the piece
- V2: Third inversion of dom. seventh chord
- V4/3: Second inversion of dom. seventh chord
- V6/5: First inversion of dom. seventh chord
- V7: Root position of dom. seventh chord
- Vivace: lively, quick
- Vivo: brisk, lively