- 1099: when jerusalem was captured by christian crusaders
- 1291: when the fall of acre, the last crusader stronghold fell
- 711: when muslims first raided into india
- buddhist or low caste groups: the groups in india who were most likely to convert to islam
- buyids of persia: regional splinter dynasty that captured baghdad in 945
- Dehli: capital of islamic kingdom est. after 1206 in india
- mongols: group that captured baghdad in 1258
- muhammad ibn Qasim: commander of the first islamic incursion into the sind in 711
- muhammad of Ghazi: descendant of a turkish slave dynasty in afghanistan that led a series of expeditions into india to seize booty in 11th century
- muhammad of Ghur: ruler who was associated with the transition from raiding to the establishment of an islamic empire in india
- persian: primary written language of the later abbasid court
- puberty (age 9): when women were legally married during abbasid era
- saladin: muslim leader responsible for the reconquest of most of the territories belonging to the christian crusaders
- seljuk turks: captured baghdad in 1055
- Shah-nama: book where work related to history of perisa from creation to islamic conquests
- Shrivijaya: the empire where the spread of islam to SE Asia was delayed untill the fall of buddhist trade
- Sunni: the religious affiliation of seljuk turks
- the harem: innovation of the abbasid court with respect to women
- the thousand and one nights: book title of life at the court of the caliph al-rashid
- ulama: orthodox relgious scholars that grew suspicious/hostile to non islamic ideas & sci thinking