Quizlet Ap European ch. 18

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  1. Andrew Celsius: Invented measurement of temperature - Celsius.
  2. Aristotelian World View: Motionless earth was fixed at center of universe, God was beyond.
  3. Candide: Voltaire, satirizing society and organized religion in Europe.
  4. Carl Linnaeus: System Nature- developed methods to classify and name plants and animals.
  5. Deductive Reasoning: Descartes, doubt everything and use deductive reasoning. Reasoning based on facts. Combined with empiricism to create scientific method.
  6. Deism: God built the Universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory.
  7. Descartes: (1596-1650) French philosopher, discovered analytical geometry. Saw Algebra and Geometry have a direct relationship. Reduced everything to spiritual or physical.
  8. Discourse on Methods: Descartes (1677) espoused deductive reasoning.
  9. Discourses on the Origins of Inequalities: Rousseau, discuss the innocence of man and his corruption by society.
  10. Empiricism: Bacon's theory of inductive reasoning.
  11. Enlightened despot: Enlightened ruler. Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great.
  12. Essay Concerning Human Understanding: Written by Locke, tabula rasa theory.
  13. Francis Bacon: (1561-1626)English politician, writer. Formalized the empirical method. Novum Organum. Inductive reasoning.
  14. Gabriel Fahrenheit: Developed measurement of temperature with freezing at 32 degrees.
  15. Galileo Galilei: Created modern experimental method. Formulated the law of inertia. Tried for heresy and forced to recant. Saw Jupiter’s moons. Wrote Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World
  16. Geocentric Theory: Earth is the center of the universe. Aristotelian.
  17. Gresham College: Located in England. Leading place for the advancement of science. First time scientists had a honored roll in society; center of scientific activity.
  18. Heliocentric Theory: Sun is the center of the universe. Coperican
  19. Humanitarianism: Promoting human welfare and social reform.
  20. Inductive Reasoning: Baconian empiricism. Based speculations on other situations.
  21. Isaac Newton: English scientist. 3 Laws of motion. Mathematics Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687).
  22. Montesquieu: French philosophe. Wrote The Spirit of Laws. Said "Power checks power". Separation of powers. Form of government varies according to climate.
  23. Natural Law: Universal law that could be understood by applying reason; letting people govern themselves.
  24. Nicolaus Copernicus: (1473-1543) Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planets went around it. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Destroyed Aristotle's view of the universe - heliocentric theory.
  25. Ptolemy’s System: Last great ancient astronomer; there was a place for God. Complicated rules used to explain minor irregularities in the movement of the planets.
  26. Robert Boyle: (1627-1691) Physicist, nothing can be known beyond all doubt.
  27. Rococo: Art style that focuses on pastels, ornate interiors, and sentmental portraits.
  28. Second Treatise of Government: Written by Locke, Government created to protect life, liberty, and property.
  29. The Royal Society of London: Established by Charles II in 1662; purpose to help the sciences.
  30. The Social Contract: Rousseau, suggestions in reforming the political system and modeled after the Greek polis.
  31. The Spirit of Laws: Montesquieu, about separation of powers.
  32. Tycho Brahe: (1546-1601) Established himself as Europe's foremost astronomer of his day; detailed observations of new star of 1572.
  33. Voltaire: French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government.
  34. William Harvey: Englishman who announced blood circulates throughout the body.