- ala: the outside lateral wing of the nose on either side of the septum
- bednar aphthae: traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard palate on either side of the midline. they are the result from abrasions while sucking
- Bifid uvula: a condition in which the uvula is split either completely or partially
- columella: the division of the two nares and is continuous inside with the nasal septum
- Cranial nerve X: the vagus nerve, which is tested when someone is asked to say "ahh" and watch with doft palate and uvula simultaneously rise in the midlinep
- Cranial Nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve, which is tested when someone is asked to stick their tongue straight out
- deciduous: temporary teeth. children have 20
- epistaxis: nose bleeds
- Epstein pearls: a normal finding in newborns and infants' palate. they are small, whitish, glistening pearly papules along the median raphe of the hard palate and gums. they are small retention cysts that disappear in the first few weeks
- ethmoid: a smaller set of sinuses that is deeper between the orbits
- fordyce's granules: small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips. these lil sebaceous cysts are painless and not significant
- frenulum: a midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
- frontal: sinuses found in the frontal bone above and medial to the orbits
- halitosis: breath odor
- hard palate: the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth. it is made up of bone and is a whitish color
- Kiesselbach's plexus: the anterior part of the septum which holds a rich vascular network and is the most common site for nosebleeds.
- leukoedema: a grayish, white benign lesion occuring on the buccal mucosa
- malocclusion: the drifting of remaining teeth if tooth loss occurs
- maxillary: the sinuses in the cheek bones along the side walls of the nasal cavity
- meatus: the cleft underlying each turbinate. this is named for the turbinate above it.
- nares: the oval openings at the base of the triangle
- nose: the first segment of the respiratory system which warms, moistens, and filters the inhaled air, and is the sensory organ for smell.
- oral cavity: a short passage bordered by the lips, palate, cheeks, and tongue
- papillae: rough, bumpy elevations on the dorsal surface of the tongue
- paranasal sinuses: the air-filled pockets within the cranium. they communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with the same type of ciliated mucous membrane. they lighten the weight of the skull bones, serve as resonators for sound production, provide mucus, which drain into the nasal cavity. the openinigs are narrow and easily occluded, which may cause inflammation or sinusitis
- parotid gland: the largest of the mouth's salivary glands which lies within the cheeks in front of the ear extending from the zygomatic arch down to the angle of the jaw.
- septum: the medial division of the nasal cavity that creates two slitlike air passages
- soft palate: the posterior part of the roof of the mouth, this arch of muscle is pinker in color and mobile
- sphenoid: a smaller set of sinuses that is located deep within the skill in the sphenoid bone
- Stenson's duct: the opening of the parotid gland that runs forward to open at the buccal mucosa opposite the upper second molar
- sublingual gland: the smallest of the salivary glands of the mouth, it is almond-shaped, and lies within the floor of the mouth under the tongue. it has many opening along the sublingual fold under the tongue
- submandibular gland: a salivary gland of the mouth that is the size of a walnut and it lies beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
- sucking tubercle: a small pad in the middle of the upper lip from the friction of breast or bottle feeding, this is a normal finding in infants
- torus palatinus: a bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate
- turbinates: three bony projections found on the lateral walls of each nasal cavity, the middle, superior, and inferior
- uvula: the free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate
- vallate papillae: larger papillae in an inverted V shape across the posterior base of the tongue
- vestibule: each naris widens into this
- wharton's duct: the opening of the submandibular gland as it runs forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum