- Accrual Basis: This is the idea that the effects of transactions and other events are reported in the period in which they occurred.
- Administration Expenses: Those expenses that are paid while organising the business operations.
- Assets: Resources presently controlled by the business as a result of a past transaction from which future economic benefits are expected to flow into the business.
- Capital Expenditure: Spending by the business to buy an asset and to get the asset into the business ready to use.
- Current Assets: Assets that are either cash or likely to be turned into cash in the next 12 months.
- Current Liabilities: Amounts that have to be repaid in the next 12 months
- Distribution Costs: Those expenses that are paid while selling the good or service or getting it to customers.
- Equity: The amount owed by the business to the owner
- Expenses: Decreases in economic benefits which either decrease assets or increases liabilities that result in a decrease in equity other than the owner’s drawings
- Financial Costs: Those expenses that are paid while getting money into the business (loans).
- Going Concern: This is the idea that the business will continue its present operations into the foreseeable future (the business has no plans to close down).
- Historical Cost: This is the idea that we record the value of assets at their purchase (or original cost).
- Intangible Assets: Non-physical assets that will provide a future economic benefit for the business
- Investment Assets: Money which has been invested long-term which will provide future income
- Liabilities: Present obligations of the business as a result of a past transaction which are expected to result in an outflow of future economic benefits from the business.
- Monetary Measurement: This is the idea that all transactions, assets, liabilities, expenses, income and equity are recorded in dollar terms (using the same currency).
- Non-current Assets: Assets that are NOT expected to be converted into cash in the next 12 months.
- Non-Current Liabilities: Amounts that do not have to be repaid (in full) in the next 12 months
- Period Reporting: This is the idea that the economic activity of a business (that is a going concern) is divided into separate equal periods of time (month, six months, one year).
- Property, Plant & Equipment: Assets with long term use which will provide future economic benefit for more than one year
- Revenue Expenditure: Spending by the business on its day-to-day operations to keep it and its assets going.
- Revenues: Increases in economic benefits which either increase assets or decreases liabilities that result in an increase in equity other than the owner’s contributions
- The Accounting Entity: This is the idea that the business is a separate entity from its owner (and all other entities).