- absolute threshold: the intensity level of a stimulus at which one can detect the stimulus 50% of the time
- adaptation: the reason we don't feel the weight of earrings all the time
- adrenal gland: structure that creates adrenaline
- an application of Weber's Law: you can tell the defference between a 4 pound barbell and a 6 pound barbell, but not between 50 and 52 pounders
- anvil: connects the hammer to the stirrup
- bipolar cell: receives information from rods and cones and passes it on to ganglion cells
- blind spot: point where the optic nerve leaves the retina
- bottom-up: refers to visual processing in which experience does not influence perception
- cones: come in red, green and blue models
- convergence: binocular depth perception process that involves muscle strain
- difference threshold: minimum difference between the intensity levels of two stimuli that we can detect 50% of the time
- education: means to "lead out of"; uses same root as transduction
- frequency theory: accounts for how we perceive low-pitched sounds
- frequency theory: states that certain frequencies cause the entire basilar membrane to vibrate
- ganglion cell: its axon forms part of the optic nerve
- glucagon: a hormone that tends to increase levels of blood sugar
- iris: the blue part of blue eyes
- lens: focuses light onto the retina
- opponent process theory: explains why some people are red-green color blind
- optic chiasm: here left visual field and right visual field are sorted out to be sent to the appropriate hemisphere of the brain
- ossicles: little bones in the middle ear
- perception: selecting and interpreting information from the environment
- photoreceptor: a neuron that is sensitive to light
- pinna: the outside part of the ear
- place theory: accounts for how we perceive high-pitched sounds
- place theory: states that certain frequencies stimulate hair cells only in certain areas on the basilar membrane
- pupil: it is a place, but not a thing
- retina: contains the rods and cones
- rods: enable us to see in very low light
- sensation: the process of receiving information from the environment
- signal detection theory: explains why thresholds change for different people and in different situations
- stirrup: connects the anvil to the oval window
- top-down: refers to processing in which our experience and expectations influence our perceptions
- transduction: the process of changing one form energy to another
- trichromatic theory: states that color vision is possible because we have RGB cones
- tympanic membrane: also called an eardrum
- visual cortex: located in the occipital lobe
- Weber's Law: the difference threshold of two pairs of similar stimuli will be different in magnitude but will be equal in percentage
- Young-Helmholtz theory: states that we process color vision using color-specific cones