- Aeschylus: Author of the Oresteia trilogy of plays
- Alexander the Great: King of Macedonia who conquered Persia
- Archimedes: The greatest mathematician of antiquity
- Aristarchus: Astronomer who championed the heliocentric theory of the universe
- Aristophanes: Satiric playwright
- Aristotle: Philosopher who focused on the study of nature
- Darius III: King of Persia defeated by Alexander the Great
- Democritus of Abdera: Philosopher who helped originate atomic theory
- Epicurus: Philosopher who strove for tranquillity
- Eratosthenes: Astronomer who calculated the earth's circumference
- Euclid: Geometer whose theorems are still taught
- Euripides: Author of Medea and other tragedies
- Herodotus: Historian of the Persian Wars
- Philip II: King of Macedonia who established dominance over most of Greece
- Plato: Philosopher who wrote the republic
- Ptolemy of Alexandria: Astronomer whose geocentric model of the universe was accepted for over 1500 years
- Pythagoras of Samos: Philosopher who focused on mathematics
- Socrates: Philosopher who redirected philosophy from natural to moral issues
- Sophocles: Author of the plays Oedipus rex and Antigone
- Thales of Miletus: Early philosopher who taught that everything is made of water
- Thucydides: Historian of the Peloponnesian Wars
- Zeno: Founder of the Stoic school of philosophy