- Aliteration: repetition of a constant souns especially at the beginning of words
- Allegory: sybolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning often generlized and moral
- Allusion: A reference to a person, event, or literary work outside the poem
- Anaphora: repetition of a word for emphasis
- Apostraphe: speaking to a person not present, and inanimate object, something personified
- Assonance: the repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry as in "i rOse and tOld him my wOe"
- Ballad: a narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style
- Blank verse: a line of poetry or prose in unrymed iambic pentameter
- Connotation: the personal and emotional assiciations called up by a word
- Couplet: a pair of unrymed lines that may or may not constitute a seperate stanza in a poem
- Denotation: the dictionary meaning of a word
- Diction: the selection of words in a literary work
- Dramatic monologue: a type of poem in which a speaker adresses a silent listener
- Enjambment: a run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next
- Figurative language: a form of language use in which writers and speakers intend something other than the literal meaning of their words
- Foot: a metrical unit composed of stressed and unsressed syllables, a group of syllables
- Free verse: poetry without a regular pattern of meter or rhyme
- Hyperbole: a figureof speech involving exaggeration
- Iamb: an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, as in today
- Image: a concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling or idea, imagery refers to the pattern of related details in a work
- Irony: a constrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen: verbal, irony of circumstance, dramatic
- Metaphor: a comparison between essentially unlike things without a words such as like or as
- Meter: the measured pattern or rhythmic accents in poems
- Metonymy: a figure of speeech in which a closelt related term is substituted for an object or idea: "nice ride, good hops, loyal to crown"
- Octave: an eight line unit, which may constitute a stanza or a section of a poem as in the octave of a sonnet
- Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form. usually a serious poem on an exalted subject
- Onomatopoeia: the use of awods to imitate the sounds they describe. buzz, crack
- Oxymoron: a fugure of speech consisting of two words that seem to contradict each other. joyous pain
- Paradox: a situation or phrase that appears contradictory but which contains a truth worth considering
- Parody: a humorous mocking imitation of a literary work
- Personification: the endowment of inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate or living qualities
- Quatrain: a four line stanza in a poem
- Rhyme: the matching of final vowel or consonant sounds in two or more words. masculine:end with stressed syllable. feminine:unstressed. approx.-slant/near rhymes. internal-:within line. end:end of line. Perfect:same # of syllables and stresses while same vowel/ consanent counds
- Rhythm: the recurrence of accent or stress in liknes of verse
- Satire: a literary form that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vice, stupidity, and folly
- Sestet: a six line unit of verse constituting a stanza or section of a poem, the last 6 lines of an italian sonnet
- Simile: a figure of speech involving a comparison between inllike things using like or as
- Sonnet: a fourteen line poem in iambic pentameter. Shakespearean/english-3 quatrains and a couplet, italian/petrarchan- 8 line octave, 6 line sestet
- Stanza: a division or unit of a poem that is repeated in the same form- with similar or identical patterns of rhyme and meter
- Style: diction + syntax
- Symbol: an object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, stands for something beyond itself
- Synecdoche: a figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole, or whole for the part: lend me a hand, give me a kleenox, heed of cattle
- Synesthesia: an attempt to fuse different senses by describing one in terms of the other
- Syntax: the grammatical order of words in a sentence or line of verse or dialogue
- Tercet: three line stanza
- Theme: idea of a literal work abstracted from its details of language, character, and action, and expressed in the form of a generalization
- Tone: the implied attitude of a poet toward the subject and materials of a poem
- tri, tetra, panta,-meter: 3,4,5 metric feet in a line
- Troche: a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable as in story
- Understatement: a figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means, the converse of exaggeration or hyperbole