- Acheulia: Tool culture of Homo erectus and archaic H. sapiens. Pear shaped hand axes
- Ape: Includes gorilla, orangutan, gibbon and chimpanzee. No tail, large brain; brachiating knuckle walkers
- Australopithecus: Group of extinct omnivorous bipedal hominins. Includes A. anamensis, afarensis, africanus and others
- Biological evolution: evolution of bone, muscle, physiology and inherited behaviour
- Bipedalism: Walking on two legs; Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo genuses
- Brachiation: Swinging by arms as apes do
- Broca's Area: Area of brain that produces speech; as it develops leaves an indent on the cranium cavity
- Burin: Tool used for making holes in skins
- Condyle: Buttress of bone on the base of the femur. Humans have this on the outer base and apes have it on the inner. It prevents collapse of the knee inwards
- Cultural Evolution: Evolution of culture; weapons, tools, art, music and ritual
- Foramen magnum: Opening in the skull for attachment of the spinal cord
- Mesolithic: Middle Stone Age; fishing and foraging for wild grains
- Mousterian: Tool culture of Neanderthals
- Neolithic: New Stone Age; agriculture
- Olduwan: Tool culture of Homo habilis
- Paleolithic: Old Stone Age
- Paranthropus: Genus of vegetarian hominins includes P.aethiopicus, robustus and boisei
- Prognathism: Having a protruding muzzle
- Quern stone: Rounded stone used for grinding grains into flour
- Sexual dimorphism: Where the male is larger and has structural differences from the female
- Upper Paleolithic: Culture of the Homo sapiens
- Valgus Angle: Carrying angle; the angle less than 180' between the femur and tibia. Indicates bipedalism
- Wernicke's area: Area in the brain concerned with recognition of speech
- Zygomatic arch: Bone structure on side of cheeck through which the chewing muscles go