- How do white blood cells fight disease?: they are transported to the site of the infection where they engulf the bacteria
- How does the blood continue to flow in one direction?: valves help maintain this flow
- How is blood forced into the arteries?: when the heart squeezes
- How is high blood pressure determined?: using a stethoscope and a spygmomanometer to measure blood pressure
- How many chambers does the heart have?: 4 chambers - 2 upper (atrium) and 2 lower (ventricles)
- What are antibodies?: proteins produced by the body to fight bacteria, viruses, etc.
- What are some of the health risks associated with high blood pressure?: heart attack or stroke
- What are the different blood types?: A, B, A-B, and O
- What are the lower chambers called?: the ventricles
- What are the solid components of blood made up of?: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- What are the two measurements used when determining one's blood pressure?: systole and diastole
- What are the types of circulation in the human body?: pulmonary circulation, systematic circulation, and coronary circulation
- What are the upper chambers called?: the artium
- What causes blood to clump?: proteins on the outer coats of the red blood cells
- What causes high blood pressure?: the build-up of cholesterol in the arteries that narrows the pathway for the blood
- What do most arteries carry?: oxygenated blood under high pressure
- What does blood enter when it leaves the heart to go to all parts of the body?: the aorta
- What does cardio mean?: heart
- What does vascular meant?: vessel
- What happens when deoxygnated blood is taken from the right side of the heart to the left?: Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen and the blood is then returned to the left side of the heart
- What happens when the blood is not compatible?: it will clump and cause blockage in the capillaries
- What is a sphygmomanometer?: a cuff used to measure blood pressure
- What is another name for a leaky valve?: a heart murmur
- What is another name for high blood pressure?: hypertension
- What is another name for the left A-V valve?: the bicuspid valve
- What is another name for the right A-V valve: the tricuspid valve
- What is blood pressure?: pressure caused by blood pushing against the walls of the vessels - it is the force with which the ventricles contract
- What is cardiac arrest?: when the heart stops beating
- What is deoxygenated blood?: blood low in oxygen
- What is important in transfusions?: that the blood is compatible
- What is provided during systematic circulation?: oxygen
- What is removed during systematic circulation?: waste from the cells
- What is sound 1 - Lub (harder) sound?: closing of the A-V valves
- What is sound 2 - Dub sound?: closing of the semilunar valves
- What is the average resting adult heart rate?: 60-80 beats/minute
- What is the blood in the pulmonary arteries considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated?: deoxygenated
- What is the blood in the pulmonary veins considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated?: oxygenated
- What is the blood in the right ventricle considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated?: deoxygenated
- What is the blood in the superior vena cava considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated?: deoxygenated
- What is the cardiovascular system considered?: the body's transportation system
- What is the construction of a vein?: less muscle than arteries and are flatter and thinner
- What is the construction of an artery?: made of round, thick, flexible strong walls lined wih smooth muscle
- What is the diastole?: when ventricles relax - giving the lower number which goes on bottom
- What is the double pump (heart) separated by?: the septum
- What is the fluid portion of blood called?: plasma
- What is the heart?: a muscle
- What is the make-up of plasma?: a straw-colored, non-living and fluid portion of the blood and is 92% water and 8 % nutrients, salt, and dissolved gases
- What is the medical condition in which the number of white blood cells increase but do not fight disease effectively?: Leukemia
- What is the medical condition in which there is not enough iron in the blood or too few red blood cells?: anemia
- What is the name of the body system the heart is in?: the cardiovascular system
- What is the normal range for diastole?: 65-90
- What is the normal range for systole?: 110-140
- What is the pulse?: the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery walls - can determine how fast the heart is beating
- What is the purpose of the valves in the heart?: to keep the blood flowing in one direction
- What is the purpose of white blood cells?: tp fight disease
- What is the size of the heart?: about the size of a fist
- What is the smallest structure and is only one cell thick?: capillaries
- What is the systole?: when ventricles contract - giving the higher number which goes on top
- What is the term used for the death of a section of the heart muscle?: heart attack
- What is the valve through which blood leaves the left ventricle?: the aortic semilunar valve
- What makes the heart sounds?: the closing of the valves
- What occurs during coronary circulation?: the blood circulates through the coronary vessels in the muslce of the heart
- What occurs during pulmonary circulation?: blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen is taken from the right side of the heart to the left side
- What occurs during systematic circulation?: the blood circulates and flows to all the body organs except the heart and lungs
- What occurs when the atria relax (fill again)?: the ventricles contract and squeeze blood to the arteries
- What occurs within the capillaries?: the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients and metabolic wastes
- What operates with the blood under high pressure?: arteries
- What operates with the blood under low pressure?: veins
- What type of blood does the superior vena cava bring from the upper body to the lower body?: deoxygenated blood
- What type of valve is leaking when the heart sound is Lub-Dub-Swish?: a semilunar valve leak
- What type of valve is leaking when the heart sound is Lub-Swish-Dub?: a tricuspid or bicuspid leaking valve
- What usually causes a heart attack?: blockage in the coronary arteries
- When do the atria fill with blood from the veins?: when relaxed
- When nutrients are picked-up from the small intestine, where are the nutrients delivered?: the cells
- When the oxygen has been picked-up from the lungs, where is the oxygen delivered?: the cells
- When waste is picked-up, where is CO2 (carbon dioxide) delivered?: the lungs
- When wasted is picked-up, where is the meatabolic waste delivered?: the kidneys
- Where are white blood cells transported when needed?: to the site of an infection
- Where do arteries carry blood?: away from the heart
- Where do veins carry blood?: always toward the heart
- Where does blood enter through when entering the heart from the lower part of the body?: the inferior vena cava
- Where does blood leave from when traveling from the heart to the lungs?: the right ventricle
- Where does blood pass through when it goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle?: the right A-V valve
- Where does blood traveling from the heart to the lungs go through?: the pulmonary arteries
- Where does blood traveling from the lungs to the heart go through?: the pulmonary veins
- Where does the blood pick-up nutrients from?: the small intestine
- Where does the blood pick-up O2 (oxygen)?: the lungs
- Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?: between the left ventricle and the aorta
- Where is the deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava carried?: to the right atrium
- Where is the human heart located?: the center of the chest, behind the sternum and between the lungs
- Where is the left atrio-ventircular valve (A-V valve) located?: between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?: between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
- Where is the right atrio-ventricular valve (A-V valve) located?: between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- Where is waste picked-up from?: the cells
- Which artery does not carry oxygenated blood (the exception)?: the pulmonary artery
- Which type of blood has both A and B proteins on the red blood cells?: A-B
- Which type of blood has no proteins on the red blood cells?: O
- Who discovered that some combinations of blood blended smoothly while others caused the blood to clump?: Karl Landstenier
- Why does exercise increase the heart rate?: because as one exercises, the muscles contract squeezing the veins - causing an increased pressure
- Why is it problematic when coronary arteries are blocked?: blood and oxygen cannot reach part of the heart and it dies