| adaptive radiation | the emergence of many species each adapted to a specific ecological niche |
| allopatric speciation | occurs when a popuation is seperated by a geographical barrier |
| convergent evolution | independent evolution of adaptive features in different species |
| divergent evolution | geographical and reproductive isolation of a population from the main gene pool |
| genetic drift | a change in allele frequencies of a population due to a chance process |
| parallel evolution | evolution of similar features not present in the ancestoral form in two or more related species |
| polyploidy | abrupt formation of a new species form non-disjunction |
| speciation | the formation of a new species from a single ansestoral species |
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