state

An independent unit that occupies a spicific territory and has full control of it's own internal and external affairs

nation

A group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sence of unity

nation-state

When a nation and a state occupy the same territory

democracy

Citizens that hold political power, eighter directly or though elected representatives

culture

the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours passed on by the members of a spicific group

society

A group that shares a Geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture

ethnic group

a specific group that shares a language, customs, and a comon heritage

innovation

taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need

diffusion

the spread of ideas, inventions, or paterns of behavior

Monarchy

A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies

Dictatorship

An individual or group holds complete political power.

Communism

In this government and economic system, nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people

Landlocked

Country surrounded by other land and with no direct outlet to the sea- must find ways to bulid connections to the rest of the world to get goods in and out of the country.

urban geography

The study of how people use space in cities

city

Centers of buisness and culture

suburb

political units touching the borders of the city or other suburbs

metropolitan area

City, its suburbs, and exburbs

urbanization

Dramatic rise in # of cities and the change of lifestyle

Central Business District

core of the city

population pyramid

a graphic device that shows sex age distrubution of a population

push pull factors

reasons for migrating

population density

to understand how heavily populated an area is

carrying capacity

the number of organisms a piece of land can support

birthrate

the number of births a year

fertility rate

the number of children a woman would have

mortality rate

the number of deaths per thousand

infant mortality rate

the number of deaths in children per thousand

rate of natural increase

population growth rate

cultural hearth

is a site ofinnovation from which basic ideas materials and technology diffuse to many cultures

acculturation

occurs when society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation

dialect

versions of language

religion

consist of belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe