 | Term | Definition |
| |
ambiguous |
not clear, having more than one possible meaning |
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anomia or anomic aphasia |
an impairment in the normal ability to retrieve a semantic concept and say its name |
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aphasia |
partial or total loss of ability to speak or understand spoken language, caused by damage to the brain |
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arbitrariness |
there is no inherent connection between the sounds used in a language and its meaning |
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Broca's aphasia |
characterized by severe difficulties in producing speech |
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case grammer or case roles |
semantic analysis of sentences involves figuring out what semantic role is being played by each word |
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categorical perception |
all the sounds falling within a set of boundraries are perceived as the the same |
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coarticulation |
more than one sound is articulated at the same time |
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competence |
internalized knowledge of language and its rules that fully fluent speakers of the language have |
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conduction aphasia |
Name the aphasia based on these characteristics: • Lesion is in the parietal lobe or arcuate fibers because the connection between Broca's and Wernicke's area is severed; word comprehension and speech production preserved; inability to repeat a statment |
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deep structure |
the sentences true meaning |
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displacement |
The ability to talk about something other than in the present moment |
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dysfluency |
error or irregularity in otherwise fluent speech |
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flexibility |
because the connection between symbol and meaning is arbitrary, we can change and invent new ones |
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garden path sentence |
begins by appearing to have one kind of syntactic structure that is proven incorrect by later information in sentence |
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grammar |
the complete set of rules that will generate an acceptable sentence |
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language |
shared symbolic system use for communication |
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linguistic intuition |
one's subjective judgement that a sentence is correct |
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linguistic relativity hypothesis |
Whorf stated that one's language determines what we can think about |
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linguistic universals |
features and characteristics that are universally true of all human languages |
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linguistics |
the discipline that studies language as a formal system |
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mental lexicon |
mental dictionary of morphemes and thesaurus |
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morpheme |
the smallest unit of meaning in a word |
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naming |
the characteristics that human languages have labels for all objects (as opposed to most animal communications) |
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parse |
To describe, as a sentence, by separating it into its elements and describing each word. |
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performance |
any behavior related to language |
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phoneme |
the smallest unit of speech that distinguishes one utterance or word from another in a given language. |
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phonemic competence |
one's basic knowledge of the phonology of the language |
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phonology |
the study of the sounds of language, including how they are produced and how they are perceived |
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phrase structure |
the underlying structure of a sentence in terms of groupings of words into meaningful phrases |
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problem of invariance |
problem that spoken sounds change depending on what follows or precedes them |
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productivity |
The ability of language users to combine language symbols in new and creative ways. |
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psycholinguistics |
the study of acquisition, production and comprehension of language |
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semantic case |
also known as case role |
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semanticity |
one of Hockett's universals, expressing the fact that the elements of language convey meaning |
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surface structure |
the literal string of words present in a sentence |
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syntax |
the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language |
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transformational rules |
chomsky's rules convert the deep structure into a surface structure, a sentence ready to be spoken |
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Wernicke's aphasia |
condition where naming, reading, and writing are impared but speech production is intact |
