Set: 8th Science Vocab

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All 91 Terms

Term Definition
electron cloud area where negatively charged electrons, arranged in energy levels, travel around an atom's nucleus
energy level the different positions for an electron in an atom
electron dot diagram chemical symbol for an element, surrounded by as many dots as there are electrons in its outer energy level
chemical bond force that holds two atoms together
ion atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost an electron
ionic bond attraction that holds oppositely charged ions close together
compound pure substance that contains two or more elements
metallic bond bond formed when metal atoms share their pooled electrons
covalent bond chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons
molecule neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons
polar bond bond resulting from the unequal sharing of electrons
chemical formula combination of chemical symbols and numbers that indicates which elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a molecule
chemical reaction process that produces chemical change, resulting in new substances that have properties different from those of the original substances
reactant substance that exists before a chemical reaction occurs
product substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction
chemical equation shorthand form for writing what reactants are used and what products are formed ina chemical reacton; sometimes shows whether energy is produced or absorbed
endothermic reaction chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed
exothermic reaction chemical reaction in which heat energy is released
activation energy minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
rate of reaction measure of how fast a chemical reaction occurs
concentration describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent
inhibitor substances that slow down a chemical reaction, making the formation of a certain amount of product take longer
catalyst substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up by itself or permanently changed
enzyme catalysts that are large protein molecules which speed up reactions needed for your cells to work properly
substance matter with a fixed composition whose idenity can be changed by chemical processes but not by ordinary physical processes
heterogeneous mixture type of mixture where teh substances are not evenly mixed
homogeneous mixture type of mixture where two of more substances are evenly mixed on a molecular level but are not bonded together
solution homogeneous mixture whose elements and/or compounds are evenly mixed at the molecular level but are not bonded together
solute substance that dissolves and seems to disappear into another substance
solvent substance that dissolves the solute
precipitate solid that comes back out of its solution because of a chemical reaction or physical change
aqueous solution in which water is the solvent
saturated describes a solution that holds the total amount of solute that it can hold under given conditions
solubility measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent
concentration describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent
acid substance that releases H+ ions and produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water
pH measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging in a scale from 0 to 14
hydronium ion hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion, H3O+
indicator compound that changes color at different pH values when it reacts with acidic or basic solutions
neutralization reaction in which an acid reacts with a base and forms water and a salt
base substance that accepts H+ ions and produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
atomic mass average mass of an atom of an element; its unit of measure is the atomic mass unit (u), which is 1/12 that mass of a carbon-12 atom
atomic number number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of a given element; is the top number in the periodic table
compound a substance produced when elements combine and whose properties are different from each of the elements in it.
electron negatively-charged particle that exists in an electron cloud formation around an atom's nucleus.
element substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
isotope two or more atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons in their nuclei
mass number sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
metal element that is malleable, ductile, a good conductor of electricity, and generally has a shiny or metallic luster
metalloid element that shares some properties with both metals and nonmetals
mixture a combination of compunds and elements that has not formed a new substance and whose proportions can be changed without changing the mixture's identity
neutron electronically-neutral particle that has the same mass as a proton and is foudn in an atom's nucleus
nonmetal element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
proton positively-charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
substance matter that has the same composition and properties throughout
actinide the second series of inner transition elements which goes from thorium ot lawrencium
alkali metals elements in group 1 of the periodic table
alkaline earth metals elements in group 2 of the periodic table
Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
buoyant force upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid
catalyst substance that can make something happen faster but is no changed itself
chemical change change in which the composition of a substance changes
chemical property characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the sample
condensation the process of changing from a gas to a liquid
density mass of an object divided by its volume
deposition the process by which a gas changes into a solid
freezing change of matter from a liquid state to a solid state
gas matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; has particles that move at high speeds in all directions
group family of elements in the periodic table that have similiar physical or chemical properties
halogen elements in group 17 of the periodic table
heat movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature
lanthanide the first series of inner transition elements which goes from cerium to lutetium
law of conservation of mass states that mass is neother created nor destroyed - and as a result the mass of the substances before a physical or chemical change is equal to the mass of the substances present after the change
liquid matter with a definite volume but no definite shape that can flow from one place to another
matter anything that takes up space and has mass
melting change of matter from a solid state to a liquid state
noble gases elements in group 18 of the periodic table
Pascal's principle states that when a force is applied to a confined fluid, an increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid
period horizontal row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictable
physical change change in which the form or appearance of matter changes, but not its composition
physical property characteristic that can be observed, using the five senses, without changing or trying to change the composition of a substance
pressure force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted
representative elements elements in groups 1 and 2 and 13 - 18 in the periodoc table that include metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
semiconductor element that does not conduct electricity as well as a metal but conducts it better than a nonmetal
solid matter with a definite shape and volume; has tightly packed particles that move mainly by vibrating
sublimation the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas
surface tension the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid
temperature measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles of a substance
transition elements elements in groups 3 - 12 in the periodic table, all of which are metals
vaporization the process by which a liquid changes into a gas
viscosity a liquid's resistance to flow

Set Information

Terms 91
Creator chorner
Created November 30, 2007
Groups None
Tags vocab, science
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Description

8th grade science vocab - 1st semester

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chorner : Changed ion → atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or last an electron to ion → atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost an electron
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Most Missed Words

  1. endothermic reaction → chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed - 3 misses
  2. substance → matter with a fixed composition whose idenity can be changed by chemical processes but not by ordinary physical processes - 3 misses
  3. solubility → measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent - 3 misses
  4. electron cloud → area where negatively charged electrons, arranged in energy levels, travel around an atom's nucleus - 2 misses
  5. energy level → the different positions for an electron in an atom - 2 misses
  6. chemical bond → force that holds two atoms together - 2 misses
  7. chemical formula → combination of chemical symbols and numbers that indicates which elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a molecule - 2 misses