Set: GOV 310L Final Exam

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All 29 Terms

Term Definition
Social Security pension program funded by the payroll tax that gives money and benefits to senior citizens.
Pay-as-you-go system (1) Money contributed in payroll taxes pays benefits for current retirees. (2) Contributors do not have special accounts that are earmarked for them.
Indexation automatic increases in Social Security benefits when price level increases with inflation. This means that seniors as prices increase with inflation, seniors receive increasing amounts of money to pay for the same things.
Dual clientele trap recognizes that welfare programs serve two different constituencies: poor children and the parents of poor children. Children are seen as deserving welfare, but parents aren’t seen as deserving welfare because they usually don’t have a strong connection to the labor force.
“End welfare as we know it” The 1992 presidential election and Clinton’s pledge to “end welfare was we know it” This came from the public mood that that government was spending too much money on an unsuccessful program.
School choice Education should operate like a private market. (1) Parents and students as empowered consumers. (2) Schools as responsive producers. This system forces schools to improve when compared to other schools so students will attend. Schools are graded. Political and constitutional controversy surrounds private school vouchers and religious schools. These vouchers take money out of the public school system and tax payers cannot choose to just pay for vouchers that will not go to private institutions.
Goals 2000 (a) Attempt to provide national leadership without extending the federal role. (b) States would be encouraged, but not required, to develop standards.
Two presidency theory Presidents have more authority in foreign affairs than in domestic policy, presidents are generally able to manage the country’s external affairs free of short-term political pressure. Developed by Aaron Wildavsky. What are the sources?
Central Intelligence Agency agency primarily responsible for gathering and analyzing information about the political and military activities of other nations.
U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Court declared that the authority of presidents on foreign affairs was greater than their discretion over domestic policy. "The presidents is the sole organ of the federal government in international relations."
Tonkin Gulf Resolution Gave the president the authority to "take all necessary measures" to repel any attacks and "to prevent further aggression." The resolution became the legal basis for a war that would last for eight more years.
War Powers Resolution The War Powers Act allows the President to use military forces for 60 days, without a formal declaration of war by Congress. The power of this resolution is controversial because many presidents have simply ignored the order and never informed Congress of the use of troops.
Hart-Cellar Act 1. Abandoned the long-standing quota system that limited immigration. 2. Opened the door to the largest immigration surge since the 1890s. 3. Asian and Latin American immigration increased dramatically.
Morality Policy 1. Characterized by debate over first principles or core values that cannot be resolved by compromise. Politically relevant because these issues are technically simpler and everyone has an opinion on morality issues.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) 1. Supreme Court affirmed that right to choose an abortion, but ruled restrictions could be placed as long as they don't impose an "undue burden."
Permanent campaign Condition that prevails when the next election campaign as soon as the last has ended and the line between electioneering and governing has disappeared. What are the sources?
Payroll tax funded equally by employer and employee contributions. Applies up to a certain amount of income: a cap.
Targeting within universalism Programs provide benefits to everyone but give a disproportionate amount to people at the bottom of the economic ladder. (a) Spread costs and deliver benefits across classes. (b) Sustained moral imageries of “deservingness.”
PRWORA Personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act (1996). Abolished Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); replaced it with TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families). Key components: work requirements; time limits; additional authority for state officials.
Money trap Americans continually believe that too much money is being spent on a welfare program that really doesn’t produce significant results. Therefore, it is difficult to raise taxes to support new programs.
A Nation at Risk (1983) (1) Focus on excellence, international competition. (2) American students were not performing well. (3) Current public system not conductive to success. (4) Made politicians more open to new, bold ideas. This report touched off a wave of local, state, and federal reforms in education.
Charter schools Effort to promote choice and innovation within the public school system. Charter schools have autonomy in staff and curriculum selection. Texas was an early and enthusiastic supporter of charter schools. Minimal restrictions and regulations reduce the red tape that stifles creativity. (a) Subject to fewer laws than other public schools. (b) Goals: improve student performance, attract new teachers, encourage innovation. (c) Mostly operated by nonprofit corporations. (d) Five-year charters renewed for ten years can be revoked if certain conditions are not met.
No Child Left Behind Act (2001). (a) Central pillar: accountability for results. Testing required for every student every years from 3rd to 8th grade. (b) Creates an extensive system of testing. (c) Parents have access to the results. (d) Publicity can inspire or shame schools into changing their ways.
Cold War period of military and nuclear arms race between 1940’s and 1990’s between the US and Soviet Union. This was called a cold war because the two powers never directly engaged in direct warfare, but instead fought battles in other countries. Examples include the Korean War, Vietnam War, and the Soviet-Afghan War. During this time the US reorganized itself and formed the State, Defense, CIA, and NSC.
National Security Council created during the Cold War. Helped coordinate foreign policy between the different branches of the military and various government agency. This council also informs the president on national and foreign policies.
Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) (a) Supreme Court placed limits on the foreign affairs authority of the president. (b) Federal government seized control of the nation’s steel mills during the Korean War. (c) Presidents cannot act contrary to the clearly expressed will of Congress in domestic matters.
Proposition 187 California proposition designed to deny illegal immigrants social services, health care, and public education. Introduced by Dick Mountjoy as the Save Our State initiative. It passed with 58.8% of the vote but was overturned by a federal court. No one was able to receive public benefits until they had proven their legal right to reside in the country. Emergency medical care was exempted as required by federal law. Government employees were required to report those suspected of being illegal immigrants. This is an example of direct democracy.
Refugee Someone with a legitimate fear of persecution if they remain in their native country.
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services 1. Victory for abortion opponents. 2. Right to abortion was narrowed considerably. 3. Court upheld a Missouri law that sharply restricted abortions. 4. State could deny the use of public funds, facilities, and personnel in performing or assisting in abortions.

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Terms 29
Creator onus88
Created December 2, 2007
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Tags terms, key, gov, final, exam, 310l
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onus88 : Changed Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) → 1. Victory for abortion opponents. 2. Right to abortion was narrowed considerably. 3. Court upheld a Missouri law that sharply restricted abortions. 4. State could deny the use of public funds, facilities, and personnel in performing or assisting in abortions. to Webster v. Reproductive Health Services → 1. Victory for abortion opponents. 2. Right to abortion was narrowed considerably. 3. Court upheld a Missouri law that sharply restricted abortions. 4. State could deny the use of public funds, facilities, and personnel in performing or assisting in abortions.
onus88 : Changed U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright (1936) → Court declared that the authority of presidents on foreign affairs was greater than their discretion over domestic policy. "The presidents is the sole organ of the federal government in international relations." to U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright → Court declared that the authority of presidents on foreign affairs was greater than their discretion over domestic policy. "The presidents is the sole organ of the federal government in international relations."
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Most Missed Words

  1. “End welfare as we know it” → The 1992 presidential election and Clinton’s pledge to “end welfare was we know it” This came from the public mood that that government was spending too much money on an unsuccessful program. - 6 misses
  2. Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) → 1. Supreme Court affirmed that right to choose an abortion, but ruled restrictions could be placed as long as they don't impose an "undue burden." - 6 misses
  3. U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright → Court declared that the authority of presidents on foreign affairs was greater than their discretion over domestic policy. "The presidents is the sole organ of the federal government in international relations." - 5 misses
  4. Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) → (a) Supreme Court placed limits on the foreign affairs authority of the president. (b) Federal government seized control of the nation’s steel mills during the Korean War. (c) Presidents cannot act contrary to the clearly expressed will of Congress in domestic matters. - 4 misses
  5. Dual clientele trap → recognizes that welfare programs serve two different constituencies: poor children and the parents of poor children. Children are seen as deserving welfare, but parents aren’t seen as deserving welfare because they usually don’t have a strong connection to the labor force. - 2 misses
  6. Targeting within universalism → Programs provide benefits to everyone but give a disproportionate amount to people at the bottom of the economic ladder. (a) Spread costs and deliver benefits across classes. (b) Sustained moral imageries of “deservingness.” - 2 misses
  7. Proposition 187 → California proposition designed to deny illegal immigrants social services, health care, and public education. Introduced by Dick Mountjoy as the Save Our State initiative. It passed with 58.8% of the vote but was overturned by a federal court. No one was able to receive public benefits until they had proven their legal right to reside in the country. Emergency medical care was exempted as required by federal law. Government employees were required to report those suspected of being illegal immigrants. This is an example of direct democracy. - 2 misses