 | Term | Definition |
| |
Heredity |
the passing on of traits from parent to offspring |
| |
Allele |
different forms of a trait that a gene may have for a trait |
| |
Genetics |
study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles |
| |
Hybrid |
an organism with two alleles that aren’t the same; is not pure; heterozygous |
| |
Purebred |
an organism with two alleles that are the same; homozygous |
| |
Dominant |
the allele that dominates, or covers up, the other form of the trait, of genes |
| |
Recessive |
the trait that is dominated, or covered up, by the other form of the trait |
| |
Punnett square |
a handy tool used to predict results in Mendelian genetics |
| |
Genotype |
the genetic makeup of an organism |
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Phenotype |
the way an organism looks and behaves as a result of its genotype |
| |
Homozygous |
an organism with two alleles that are the same; purebred |
| |
Heterozygous |
an organism with two alleles that aren’t the same; hybrid |
| |
Incomplete Dominance |
when the offspring of two homozygous parents show an intermediate phenotype; both alleles are expressed in offspring |
| |
Polygenic Inheritance |
when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait |
| |
Sex-linked gene |
an allele inherited on a sex chromosome |
| |
Genetic engineering |
scientists are experimenting with biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene |
| |
Recombinant DNA |
made by inserting a useful segment of DNA from one organism to a bacterium |
| |
Pedigree |
shows patterns of genetic inheritance in a family |
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