 | Term | Definition |
| |
homeostasis |
existence of a stable environment within the body |
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anatomy |
the study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationship among body parts |
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physiology |
the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions |
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histology |
the study of tissues |
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cytology |
the analysis of the internal structure of individual cells |
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embryology |
the study of structural changes during the first two months of embryonic development |
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organ systems |
integumentary / skeletal / muscular / nervous / endocrine / cardiovascular / lymphatic / respiratory / digestive / urinary / reproductive |
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levels of organization |
molecular / cellular / tissue / organ / organ system / organism |
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integumentary system |
skin, hair, sweat glands, nails |
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skeletal system |
bones, cartilages, ligaments, bone marrow |
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muscular system |
skeletal muscles, tendons |
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nervous system |
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs |
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endocrine system |
adrenal, thyroid and pituitary glands, pancreas, gonads, endocrine tissue |
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cardiovascular system |
heart, blood, blood vessels |
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lymphatic system |
spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils |
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respiratory system |
nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli |
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digestive system |
teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas |
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urinary system |
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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reproductive system (male) |
testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum |
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reproductive system (female) |
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands |
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disease |
a malfunction of organs or organ systems resulting from a failure of homeostatic regulation |
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homeostatic regulation mechanisms |
auto regulation and extrinsic regulation |
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microscopic anatomy |
examination of structures using magnification |
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pathological physiology |
the study of dysfunction and disease |
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levels of organization |
chemical / tissue / organ / organ system / organism |
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autoregulation |
or intrinsic regulation occurs when a cell/tissue/organ/organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to a stimulus |
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extrinsic regulation |
results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine systems that adjusts the activities of other systems |
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homeostatic regulation mechanism |
receptor: sensor detects stimulus / control center: receives and processes the stimulus then sends out a command / effector: responds to command from control center |
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negative feedback |
initiates activities that reduce or reverse the stimulus |
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positive feedback |
enhances the stimulus |
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characteristics of life |
organization / responsiveness / growth / metabolism |
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basal metabolic rate |
the minimum amount of energy required to keep you alive at rest |
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catabolism |
the breakdown of large complex organic molecules into simpler molecules |
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anabolism |
synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler precursors |
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pathology |
the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of cells/tissue/organs/bodily fluids |
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gross anatomy |
the study of structures you can see with the naked eye |
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cell physiology |
the study of the function of the cell |
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systemic physiology |
the study of the functioning of specific organ systems |
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surface anatomy |
the study of general form and markings |
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regional anatomy |
the study of anatomical organization of specific areas of the body |
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systemic anatomy |
the study of organ systems |
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developmental anatomy |
the study of changes in form from conception to physical maturity |
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embryology |
the study of the developmental processes during the first two months of development |
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clinical anatomy |
the study anatomical subspecialties important in the practice of medicine |
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organ system |
a group of organs that work together to perform a particular body function |
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tissue |
a group of cells that similar in structure and function |
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organ |
a structure comprised of two or more tissues that perform the same body function |
