 | Term | Definition |
| |
unlearned behavior |
an example of this is a bird's being able to build a nest |
| |
conditioned stimulus |
it elicits the same response as, for example, Pavlov's dog food |
| |
stimulus generalization |
if a stimulus is similar enough to a CS the stimulus will also produce the CR |
| |
extinction |
failure to reinforce the CS for a number of trials will produce this |
| |
acquisition |
refers to the process of an organism's pairing the CS with the UCS so that the CS will produce the CR |
| |
stimulus discrimination |
an organism's ability to distinguish two similar stimuli to determine which one will in fact be reinforced |
| |
spontaneous recovery |
when a previously-conditioned CS that has been allowed to go extinct once again elecits the CR |
| |
classical conditioning |
a method of getting an organism to perform a behavior by presenting a stimulus that would not ordinarily elicit that behavior |
| |
operant conditioning |
a method of increasing or decreasing particular behaviors by means of rewards and punishments |
| |
fixed ratio |
which schedule is this: your math teacher gives you 10 extra credit points for every 20 extra problems you solve? |
| |
variable ratio |
which schedule of reinforcement is this: a bass fisherman casts dozens of times but only catches a few bass? |
| |
fixed interval |
which schedule is this: a teacher calculates your participation points every day at three o'clock? |
| |
variable interval |
Which schedule of reinforcement is this: every once in a while, your teacher gives extra credit points for students who are well-behaved in class? |
| |
negative punishment |
your driver's license is suspended for tickets |
| |
positive punishment |
Bart Simpson is writing "I will not blow my nose into the soft-serve machine." on the classroom blackboard. |
| |
positive reinforcement |
Sally receives a plaque from the mayor for volunteering at the 4th of July parade |
| |
negative reinforcement |
Mrs. Smith's 4th grade class doesn't have to take this week's spelling test because they had perfect attendance last week. |
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primary reinforcer |
food would be one, but gold stars would not be |
| |
secondary reinforcer |
a pat on the back would be one, but water would not be |
| |
Watson |
he tried to condition an emotional response in a small child |
| |
Bandura |
he found that children will imitate adults even when no adult is in the room with the child |
