Set: Ch 18

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All 38 Terms

Term Definition
social psychology the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
attribution theory suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
fundamental attribution error the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
attitude feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
foot-in-the-door phenomenon the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
cognitive dissonance theory the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent
conformity adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
normative social influence influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
informational social influence influence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality
social facilitation stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
social loafing the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
deindividuation the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
group polarization the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
groupthink the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
prejudice an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members; usually involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and predisposition to discriminatory action
stereotype a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people
discrimination unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members
ingroup "Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity
outgroup "Them" - those perceived as different or apart from one's group
ingroup bias the tendency to favor one's own group
scapegoat theory the theory the prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
just-world phenomenon the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
aggression any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
frustration-aggression principle the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression
conflict a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
social trap a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
mere exposure effect the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
passionate love an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
companionate love the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
equity a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
self-disclosure revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
altruism unselfish regard for the welfare of others
bystander effect the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
social exchange theory the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
reciprocity norm an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
social-responsibility norm an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
superordinate goals shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
GRIT Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Set Information

Terms 38
Creator jgistpitcher
Created January 15, 2008
Group Lyons AP Psych
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jgistpitcher : Changed attribution theory → suggests how we explain someone's behavior-by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition to attribution theory → suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
Last Message: 7 months ago

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Most Missed Words

  1. informational social influence → influence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality - 12 misses
  2. normative social influence → influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval - 7 misses
  3. group polarization → the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group - 5 misses
  4. reciprocity norm → an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them - 5 misses
  5. attribution theory → suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition - 4 misses
  6. cognitive dissonance theory → the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent - 4 misses
  7. frustration-aggression principle → the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression - 4 misses